Izamuka ry'amasafuriya mashya y'ubwoya bw'amabuye

Inyubako zigezweho zikeneye ibikoresho bihuza umutekano, imbaraga, ubushyuhe n'ubwoya bw'amabuyepaneli za sandwichni amahitamo meza. Itanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro no kurinda urusaku. Ariko, amabati asanzwe y’ubwoya bw’amabuye ahura n’intege nke nyinshi, nko kwinjiza amazi no kudakomera neza mu nkombe. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bw’amabati y’ubwoya bw’amabuye.

Ibyiza

Ubwoya bw'amabuyepaneli za sandwichKuva kera byakunze guhabwa agaciro kubera ubushobozi bwabyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda umuriro no gukoresha ijwi. Byakozwe mu ibuye rya basalt ryashongeshejwe ku bushyuhe burenze 1,450°C, ubwoya bw'amabuye bufite igice cy'imbere kidashya gifite amanota y'umuriro ya Class A1. Ibi bituma biba byiza ku nkuta n'ibisenge bidashobora gushya mu nyubako z'inganda. Mu igeragezwa ry'umuriro, agace k'ubwoya bw'amabuye ka mm 100 gashobora kwihanganira umuriro mu gihe kirenga amasaha 2 nta kibazo cy'inyubako.

Indi nyungu ikomeye ni ukwinjizwa kw'amajwi. Imiterere y'ubwoya bw'amabuye igabanya urusaku neza. Igice gifite ubugari bwa mm 50 gishobora kugabanya ijwi ku rugero rwa desibeli 25–30, bigatuma kiba cyiza mu mashami yo gukoreramo cyangwa mu mashanyarazi.

Ubwishingizi bw'ubushyuhe nabwo burizewe. Nubwo butari bwiza nka PU foam, ubwoya bw'amabuye bugumana ubushyuhe buhamye mu nzu. Ubwishingizi bwa mm 100 butanga ubushyuhe bwa 0.042 W/m·K, buhagije kugira ngo bugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu bihe byinshi by'ikirere.

Udupapuro tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye na two dufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu. Ubucucike bw’imyenda ni hagati ya 100–150 kg/m³, bigatuma imiterere yatwo ikomera cyane. Turwanya imitwaro y’umuyaga n’ingaruka za mekanike neza.

Byongeye kandi, ntibingiza ibidukikije. Ibikoresho fatizo, basalt, ni byinshi kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Inganda zishobora kongera gukoresha imyanda y'ubwoya bw'amabuye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku myanda yo mu ishyamba.

Imbogamizi

Nubwo hari imbaraga nyinshi, udupapuro tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye dufite intege nke zimwe na zimwe zigabanya imikorere yatwo. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ukwinjizwa kw’amazi. Udupira tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye tworoshye kwinjiza ubushuhe mu kirere, ibyo byongera uburemere kandi bigagabanya agaciro k’ubushyuhe. Mu bidukikije bifite ubushuhe, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bushobora kuzamuka kuva kuri 0.042 kugeza kuri 0.060 W/m·K, bigatuma ingufu zigabanuka kugeza kuri 30%.

Gukurura amazi bitera kwangirika kw'ubuso bw'icyuma iyo amazi ahuze hafi y'inkombe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora gutuma igihe cyo gukora cy'urubaho kigabanuka.

Ikindi kibazo ni ukudakora neza kw'inkombe. Imbere y'ubwoya bw'amabuye ntabwo ifatana neza n'uruhu rw'icyuma ku nkengero. Mu gihe cyo gutwara cyangwa gushyiraho, impande zishobora kuvunika cyangwa zigasenyuka. Ibi ntibigira ingaruka gusa ku isura ahubwo binagabanya ubushyuhe n'imbaraga by'umwuka.

Gufunga ni ikindi kintu kidakomeye. Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa neza, impande z'ibice binini zituma amazi n'umwuka bisohoka. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka cyangwa ndetse no gukura kw'ibihumyo.

Byongeye kandi, uduce tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye dupima cyane kurusha ubundi bwoko. Agace k’ubwoya bw’amabuye gapima ubugari bwa mm 100 gapima ibiro bigera kuri 17–20/m², mu gihe agace k’ubwoya bw’amabuye gapima ibiro 12–14/m² gusa. Uduce turemereye twongera umutwaro ku nyubako kandi tukongera ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho.

Amaherezo, inzira yo gukora isaba gukata no guteranya neza. Guhuza nabi hagati y'amabati y'icyuma n'imbere bituma habaho gutandukana kw'amabati bitewe n'ingufu cyangwa umuvuduko.

Ibi bibazo bituma bigora amabati y’ubwoya bw’amabuye guhaza ibyifuzo bigezweho byo gukoresha ingufu neza no kwirinda ubushuhe, cyane cyane mu byumba by’isuku, mu byumba bikonje, cyangwa mu nyubako zirimo ubushuhe ku nkengero z’inyanja.

Ubwoko bushya bw'urumuri rw'ubudodo bw'amabuye

Urupapuro rwa PU edge rock wool sandwich panel rwakozwe kugira ngo ruhuze imbaraga zo kurwanya umuriro w'ubwoya bw'amabuye n'imbaraga zo gufunga za polyurethane. Muri ubu buryo, impande zombi ndende z'urupapuro zuzuyemo ifuro rya PU, mu gihe igice cyo hagati gikomeza kuba ubwoya bw'amabuye.

Iyi miterere y’ubwoko butandukanye ikemura intege nke z’ibice bisanzwe by’ubwoya bw’amabuye. Impande za PU zikora akazi ko gufunga neza, zigafunga amazi n’umwuka winjira. Ibizamini bigaragaza ko ibice bifite impande za PU bifite amazi make ku kigero cya 60% ugereranije n’ibice bisanzwe by’ubwoya bw’amabuye. Ibi binongera ubushobozi bwo gukingira no mu bice bifite ubushuhe bwinshi.

Guhuza hagati y'inkombe ya PU n'icyuma nabyo byongera imbaraga z'inkombe. Udupande twihanganira ingaruka nziza mu gihe cyo gufata no gushyiraho. Urugero, mu igeragezwa ry'uruganda, kugabanuka kwa metero 1 nta nkombe byangiritse mu nkombe z'inkombe za PU, mu gihe udupande dusanzwe tw'ubwoya bw'amabuye twagaragaje imiyoboro igaragara.

Inkombe ya PU yongera kandi ubushobozi bwo guhumeka muri rusange bwa sisitemu y'ibice. Inkombe y'ifuro ikwira neza n'ibice byegeranye, bigabanya ubushyuhe buva. Ibi bituma habaho imikorere myiza mu bubiko bukonje, mu mazu meza yo gukoreramo no mu nyubako z'ibiro.

Indi nyungu ni uko ikoranabuhanga rirushaho kunozwa. Impande za PU zikora nk'imigozi isanzwe yo kuziba, bigatuma hagabanuka ikiguzi cyo gukoresha silicone cyangwa imigozi ya rubber. Abashyiraho bashobora gushyiramo ibipande by'ibyuma vuba, bigatuma abakozi bagabanukaho 10–15%.

Binyuze mu guhuza imbaraga z'ibikoresho byombi, PU edge rock wool sandwich panel igera ku bushyuhe bwinshi, irinda ubushuhe neza, kandi igakomeza kuramba—byose mu buryo bumwe.

Ibiranga tekiniki

Udupapuro tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye two mu bwoko bwa PU edge dutanga iterambere rifatika mu bipimo byinshi by’ingenzi by’imikorere.

Imikorere y'ubushyuhe. Inkombe ya PU igabanya uburyo ubushyuhe bufatana. Igice cya mm 100 kigaragaza ubushyuhe butwara 0.037 W/m·K, kiri munsi ya 12% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubwoya bw'amabuye. Ibi bituma ingufu zigabanuka cyane mu nyubako zifite icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa zikonjeshwa.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro. Nubwo haba hari impande za PU, igice cy'imbere gikomeza kuba ubwoya bw'amabuye, butanga uburinzi budashya. Ibizamini by'umuriro byemeza ko impande za PU zigumana igipimo cy'umuriro cya Class A ku nkuta n'icya B ku bisenge. Mu gihe cy'igerageza ry'iminota 120 kuri 1,000°C, igice cyagumanye ubuziranenge bwacyo nta muriro ukwirakwira.

Ubushobozi bwo kutagira amazi. Impande za PU zifite igipimo cy’uturemangingo dufunze kirenga 95%. Iyi miterere ibuza amazi kwinjira neza. Nyuma y’amasaha 24 yo kwinjizwa mu mazi, impande za PU zafashe munsi ya 1% by’uburemere bwazo, mu gihe imigabane isanzwe y’ubwoya bw’amabuye yafashe kugeza kuri 6%.

Imbaraga z’imiterere. Imbaraga zo gufatanya hagati y’uruhu rw’icyuma n’imbere ziyongera kuva kuri 0.09 MPa kugera kuri 0.13 MPa hamwe n’imiterere y’inkombe za PU. Uduce tw’icyuma turwanya kunama no gukanda neza, bigatuma imikorere ihamye mu nyubako nini.

Kuramba no kugaragara neza. Uruhande rwa PU rutanga isura nziza kandi nziza ku miyoboro y'ibice, rukarinda ivumbi kwirundanya no kwangirika. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa n'iz'isuku.

Porogaramu n'Icyerekezo cy'Isoko

Udupapuro twa sandwich tw’ubwoya bw’amabuye twa PU edge twakunzwe cyane mu mishinga myinshi y’ubwubatsi igezweho. Ubudahangarwa bwazo mu muriro no kurinda ubushuhe bituma zikoreshwa mu nganda, mu bubiko no mu nyubako rusange.

Mu bice bishobora gutera impanuka z'inkongi z'umuriro nko mu nganda n'ububiko bw'ibikoresho, ubwoya bw'amabuye bwabaye garanti y'ingenzi ku mutekano w'inkongi. Utwo dupande twatanze iminota 120 yo kurinda inkongi z'umuriro no kutagira ubushuhe imbere mu mubiri, bigabanya igipimo cy'ubusembwa bw'ibice by'umubiri ku kigero cya 8%.

Ibyumba bikonjesha n'aho kubika ibiribwa nabyo byungukira kuri ubu buryo. Impande za PU zituma habaho gufunga neza no kugabanya ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Kuvuka kwa PU rock wool sandwich panels byatanze amahitamo mashya yo gushushanya no kubaka ububiko bukonjesha. Hatabayeho kwangiza ubushobozi bwo gukingira ububiko bukonjesha, umutekano w'ububiko bukonje urarushaho kwiyongera.

Mu byumba by'isuku n'ibitaro, isuku ni ingenzi cyane. Udupapuro tw'inyuma twa PU turinda ivumbi na bagiteri kwinjira mu myobo. Impande zoroshye nazo zituma isuku yoroha kandi yihuta.

Uko amahame y’inyubako ku isi arushaho gukomera, abakora inyubako benshi bahitamo ibikoresho bivanze nka PU edge rock wool panels. Iyi gahunda ishyigikira ibyemezo by’ubwubatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi n’intego zo kuzigama ingufu. Abakora inyubako benshi ubu batanga panels zifite ubunini butandukanye (50–150 mm) n’amabara kugira ngo zihuze n’ibyo inyubako zikeneye.

Ipantalo ya PU edge rock wool ikemura ibi bibazo neza. Iyo wongeyeho impande za polyurethane, yongera imbaraga zo kuzifunga, ikongera ubushyuhe, kandi ikongera igihe cyo kubaho. Uko ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byiza kigenda cyiyongera, ipantalo za PU edge rock wool zizagira uruhare runini mu bwubatsi butaha bufite umutekano, bunoze kandi burambye.