Ibyuma by'Ingurube mu buhinzi bunoze

Ikiraro cy'ingurube cy'icyuma gishyigikira ubworozi bw'ingurube buhamye mu turere twinshi. Aborozi bashaka ahantu hasukuye, inkuta zikomeye, n'ubwubatsi bwihuse. Ibiraro by'ingurube by'icyuma bihaza ibi bikenewe bifite imbaraga nziza kandi byoroshye kugenzura. Ikiraro cyoroshye cy'ingurube 500 gikunze gukoresha ubutaka bwa metero kare 380–450. Ibiraro byinshi birimo ibiraro, inzira zo kugaburira, imiyoboro y'umwuka, n'imiyoboro y'imyanda.

Amasambu menshi ahitamoamafuremu y'icyumakuko bihangana n'umuyaga uremereye wa 0.5–0.7 kN/m². Ikiraro cy'ingurube cy'icyuma gifasha abahinzi kugumana ubushyuhe buhamye. Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha amafeni ashobora guhinduka agera kuri 12.000–18.000 m³/h. Ibi biraro bikingira ingurube kandi bikongera umuvuduko w'umusaruro.

Imiterere

Ikiraro cy'ingurube cy'icyuma gikoresha amafuremu yoroshye afasha mu gihe kirekire. Amafuremu menshi akoresha amafuremu y'ubugari bwa metero 8-15. Aborozi bahitamo amafuremu y'ubugari kuko yemerera imbere gushariza neza. Amafuremu asanzwe arimo inkingi, imitako y'igisenge, imitako y'inyuma, n'imigozi. Uburebure bw'amafuremu buguma hagati ya metero 3-4.5. Ubuso bw'igisenge bukunze kuguma hafi ya dogere 10-15. Iyi mibare ifasha amazi gutemba neza mu gihe cy'imvura.

Inyubako ishyigikira ibiraro, inzira zo kunyuramo, abafana, n'imiyoboro y'amazi. Buri ngurube isanzwe ikenera ubuso bwa metero kare 0.8–1.2. Imiterere yayo irinda ingurube kandi ikagabanya umuvuduko. Inkingi zikomeye z'icyuma zifata ibikoresho biremereye bigera kuri kg 20–30 kuri m². Ubusanzwe, sisitemu yo hasi ishyigikira ibikoresho bitanga ibiribwa bipima kg 15–25 buri kimwe.

Ibigega by'icyuma bihangana n'ubushuhe bwinshi kuko inkingi iguma ikomeye iyo iri mu bushuhe. Imipaka myiza yo gukingira irahungabana iyo abafana biruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Inyubako kandi ifata ibisenge bikingira ubushyuhe. Ibi bigega bifasha abahinzi kugumana ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu hafi ya 18–26°C, bifasha gukura neza.Sisitemu y'imiterere y'icyumaiha abahinzi ishingiro ryizewe ry’ibikoresho bigezweho. Imiterere yoroheje y’urukiramende inafasha abakozi gusukura no gusana ikiraro vuba.

Ibikoresho

Ikiraro cy'ingurube gikoresha cyane cyane icyuma cya Q235 cyangwa Q355. Ibi byuma bifite imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro wa 235–355 MPa. Izi mbaraga zishyigikira umusaruro mu buryo bwizewe kandi burambye. Ibice by'icyuma bitwikiriwe na zinc bigabanya ingese. Ubuso bwinshi bukoresha utwenda twa zinc twa 80–120 g/m². Uru rwego rufasha utwenda kwirinda ibihe birebire by'ubushuhe.

Inkuta zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi zituma imbere hahora hameze neza. Imbuga nyinshi zihitamo EPS, PU, ​​cyangwa PIR. Ubunini bw'inkuta buguma hagati ya mm 50–75. Inkuta zifite PU zifite 0.3 W/m·K zigabanya ingufu kandi zikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'abafana. Inyubako nyinshi zikoresha amadirishya ya aluminiyumu kuko zirwanya amazi. Hari amadirishya akoresha ibirahure bibiri bifite umwuka wa mm 10–12.

Imiterere y'ibisenge ikunze gukoresha amabati y'amabara. Ayo mabati apima ibiro 4-6/m². Uburemere bworoheje bufasha abakozi kuyashyiraho vuba. Abahinzi bakoresha imiyoboro ya galvanized mu makaramu, ifata ibiro 300-350 kuri buri seti. Imiyoboro y'amazi ikoresha PVC cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese. Imiyoboro y'ibiryo ikoresha ibyuma bizunguruka ibiro 400-600/h by'ibikoresho.

Gushyira hasi hakoreshejwe imigozi ikozwe mu byuma cyangwa ibikoresho bivanze. Buri kibaho gishyigikira ibiro bigera kuri 150–200. Guhitamo ibikoresho bifasha gusukura neza no gutembera neza kw'imyanda. Ibikoresho byiza bigabanya imirimo yo gusana no kunoza imikorere y'igihe kirekire.

Ibyiza

Ikiraro cy'ingurube cy'icyuma gitanga imbaraga zikomeye. Ikiraro cy'icyuma gikunze kumara imyaka 25-35 iyo kibungabunzwe neza. Ibice by'icyuma birwanya udukoko, inkongi, n'ibindi binyabutabire byinshi. Ubu bukomezi butuma ingurube n'abakozi barushaho kugira umutekano. Uburemere bworoheje bw'icyuma bugabanya kandi ikiguzi cy'ifatizo. Ubuhinzi buto bukunda kuzigama 10-18% by'igiciro fatizo iyo bukoresha icyuma.

Ibigega by'ibyuma byemerera kubaka vuba. Abakozi bakunze kurangiza ibigega bifite uburebure bwa m² 400 mu minsi 18-25. Ibice byakozwe mbere bigabanya amakosa kandi bikihutisha gushyiraho. Imiterere y'ibigega kandi ihura n'imizigo y'umuyaga mu gihe cy'ibihe. Ibigega byinshi bikora umuvuduko w'umuyaga wa 22-30 m / s.

Ibigega by'ibyuma byongera isuku. Ubuso butoshye bufasha amakipe akora isuku kurangiza imirimo mu minota 20-30. Ibigega kandi bishyigikira uburyo bw'ikirere buhamye. Guhumeka neza bigabanya urugero rwa amoniya kugeza kuri <10 ppm. Uru rwego rufasha gukura neza. Ingurube nazo zigira ibiro vuba iyo zigumye ahantu hasukuye kandi hahamye. Amakuru aturuka mu bworozi bwinshi agaragaza ko igipimo cy'iterambere cyiyongeraho 5-8% iyo ibigega bikoresha ibyuma.

Ingufu zikoreshwa neza nazo zirarushaho kwiyongera. Ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe bigabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 30-40% ugereranije n'ibigega bishaje by'amatafari. Amafeni n'udupira two gukonjesha bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'impeshyi. Ubu buryo buhamye butuma ibiryo bihinduka neza. Abahinzi bakunze kwandika igipimo cy'ibiryo hafi ya 2.6-2.8. Ibigega by'icyuma bifasha gucunga neza, gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, no kugumana ubusugire mu gihe kirekire.

Ingingo zo Gushushanya

Igishushanyo cyiza gituma ikiraro gisukuye kandi gitanga umusaruro mwiza. Aborozi babanza gutegura ubugari bw'ikiraro. Ibiraro byinshi bikoresha ubugari bwa metero 10-12 kugira ngo byemererwe inzira ebyiri zo kugaburira. Ingano y'ikiraro ikurikiza imyaka y'ingurube. Ingurube zorora zikenera metero kare 0.8-1 imwe. Ingurube zororera zikenera metero kare 1-1.2 imwe. Abashushanya kandi bashyiraho ubugari bw'inzira zo kunyuramo kuri metero 0.8-1.

Guhumeka bikomeje kuba ingenzi cyane. Abashushanya bashyiraho ubushobozi bw'umufana kuri 60–80 m³/h kuri buri ngurube. Inzira z'umwuka zikenera imiterere yoroshye kugira ngo amazi atemba neza. Ibiraro byinshi bikoresha udukoresho two gukonjesha tugabanya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka ho 4–7°C.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amatara gifasha ubuzima bw'ingurube. Ikiraro cyiza gikomeza urumuri kuri 50–80 lux. Amatara ya LED agabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ho 20–30%. Imiyoboro y'amazi iguma munsi y'ubutaka. Ubuhaname bwa 2–3% butuma imyanda itemba.

Abashushanya kandi bahitamo uburyo bwo gukingira igisenge mu bice bifite uburebure bwa mm 50–75. Ubu buryo bwo gukingira butuma ubushyuhe buguma buhamye. Igisenge gikenera imyenge y'amazi iri hagati ya 0.3–0.5% by'ubuso bwo hasi. Ubu buryo bufasha kugabanya ubushyuhe bwiyongera.

Imiterere y'ubusitani kandi ishyigikira imashini zo gusukura. Inzugi akenshi ziba zifite ubugari bwa metero 1.2–1.5. Ubu bugari butuma imashini zigenda mu buryo bwihuse. Uburyo bwo gushushanya bwibanda ku mutekano, umwuka utembera neza, isuku, n'uburyo abakozi bamererwa neza.

Ibyiza by'abakora umwuga

Ikiraro cy'ingurube cy'icyuma gifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bwiza no gushyiraho ibice. Inenge n'amakosa mu bice by'icyuma cyangwa panneaux bishobora gutuma inyubako idashyirwamo neza. Kubwibyo, biba ingenzi cyane guhitamo ibicuruzwa n'abakora ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge.

Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets Company ni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora ibikoresho by'ibyuma mu Bushinwa. Iyi sosiyete ifite uburambe bwinshi mu gushushanya inyubako z'ibyuma. Itsinda ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi risuzuma buri kigo rigashyiraho ibishushanyo mbonera nyabyo. Abakiriya bahabwa ibishushanyo mbonera bitekanye kandi bigashyirwamo neza.

Uruganda rufite ibikoresho bigezweho nka imashini zikata laser, imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 3D CNC n'imashini zikora ifuro rya polyurethane. Izi mashini zigabanya amakosa mu gukora ibicuruzwa kandi zikongera ubuziranenge. Isosiyete yita cyane ku kuramba, imiterere yo kurwanya ingese no kumara igihe kirekire. Buri giti n'urubaho byujuje ibisabwa by'ubuziranenge. Abakiriya bishimira inyubako zihamye n'uburyo bw'ubwubatsi bwizewe. Isosiyete itanga ibisubizo byihariye ku miterere n'imikorere yihariye.