Ibigo bigezweho bikeneye ibiro byoroshye kandi bikora neza, inyubako y'ibiro by'icyuma ibikora neza kandi byihuse. Imishinga myinshi ikoresha ibyuma mu nyubako zifite uburebure bwa metero kare 500 kugeza metero kare 20.000.
Imiterere y'urufunguzo rw'icyuma?
Amakaramu y'icyumaIshyigikira ahantu hanini hafunguye. Ibiro byinshi bikenera uburebure bwa metero 10 kugeza kuri metero 20 nta nkingi z'imbere zirimo. Inkingi z'icyuma zigera kuri ubu buryo byoroshye. Inkingi ya sima ikomeye ikunze gukenera ubujyakuzimu bwinshi ku burebure bumwe. Inkingi yemerera igishushanyo cyoroheje. Inkingi nyinshi z'icyuma zipima 20% munsi y'inkingi za sima mu mirimo isa.
Inkingi z'ibyuma zihutisha imirimo yo kubaka. Abakozi bateranya ibice by'ibyuma aho bakorera mu buryo bunoze cyane. Imishinga myinshi y'ibiro biciriritse irangiza inyubako mu minsi 30 kugeza kuri 60. Inkingi za sima akenshi bifata igihe kirenga 60% kuko zikenera gukomezwa. Inkingi zigabanya akazi ko gutose aho bakorera. Ibi kandi bigabanya umukungugu n'urusaku.
Inkingi z'icyuma zirwanya imitingito neza. Inkingi nyinshi z'icyuma zirahindagurika zitarasenyuka. Ibizamini byerekana ko inyubako z'icyuma zifata ingufu zigera kuri 15% kugeza kuri 25% kurusha inyubako za sima. Ibi birinda inyubako mu gihe cyo gutigita cyane. Ibiro byinshi mu turere tw'imitingito bihitamo ibyuma kubera iyo mpamvu.
Ibyuma bishyigikira impinduka z'igihe kirekire. Ibigo byinshi bihindura imiterere buri myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu. Inkingi z'ibyuma zemerera koroshya ingendo zo gutandukanya. Sisitemu zo hasi zemera insinga z'inyongera nta mpinduka zikomeye zibaye. Ubu buryo bworoshye bufasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura mu gihe kizaza ho 10% kugeza kuri 30%.
Ibikoresho
Inyubako y'ibiro by'icyuma ikoresha ibikoresho byinshi. Urubaho rw'ingenzi rukoresha icyuma cy'igice cya H cyangwa icyuma gisanduku. Icyuma cy'igice cya H gikunze kugera ku rwego rwa Q235 cyangwa Q345. Inkingi isanzwe ifata imizigo hafi ya 1500 kN. Inkingi yo hasi ikunze gufata imizigo hafi ya 500 kN.
Sisitemu yo hasi ikoresha amabati yo ku meza n'inyuma ya sima. Amabati menshi yo ku meza akoresha icyuma cya galvanized kuva kuri mm 0.8 kugeza kuri mm 1.2. Metero kare imwe y'amabati yo ku meza ipima hagati ya kg 8 na kg 12. Abakozi basuka mm 80 kugeza kuri mm 120 za sima hejuru y'amabati. Ibi bitera imbaraga nyinshi kandi byongera imbaraga.
Ibikoresho byo ku nkuta biratandukanye. Ibiro byinshi bikoresha ibyuma byoroshye bifite imbaho za gypsum. Urubaho rumwe rwa gypsum akenshi rugira ubugari bwa mm 12. Inyubako zimwe na zimwe zikoresha inkuta z'amarido y'ibirahure. Izi sisitemu zikoresha ikirahure gishyushye cya mm 6 kugeza kuri mm 12. Urubaho rwa aluminiyumu rufata ibirahure by'ibirahure.Sisitemu y'inkuta za Sandwich panelsnabyo ni amahitamo meza.
Uburyo bwo gusakara bukoresha amabati ya sandwich cyangwa amabati y'icyuma afite ubushyuhe. Amabati ya sandwich ya PU akunze gukoresha ifuro rya mm 50 kugeza 100. Ubucucike bw'ifuro bukunze kugera kuri kg 38/m³ kugeza 42/m³. Ibi binoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe.
Gupfuka inyuma hakoreshejwe paneli za aluminiyumu, paneli z'amabuye, cyangwa sisitemu z'ibirahuri. Paneli za aluminiyumu zikunze kugera kuri mm 3 z'ubugari. Paneli nyinshi z'amabuye zigera kuri mm 20. Ibi bikoresho biramba kandi bigatanga isura nziza.
Sisitemu yo guhuza ikoresha bolts zikomeye cyane. Bolts za M20 na M24 ziracyari rusange. Bolts nyinshi zifata umuvuduko uri hagati ya kN 100 na kN 150. Ibyuma byo gusudira binashyigikira ibice by'ingenzi. Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusudira bukunze kugera kuri mm 6 kugeza kuri mm 10.
Ibyiza
Inyubako z'ibiro by'ibyuma bitanga inyungu zikomeye. Inyubako iguma yoroshye. Urukuta rw'icyuma rukunze gupima hagati ya 30% na 40% munsi y'urukuta rwa beto. Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cy'urukuta. Imisingi myinshi ikoresha sima iri hagati ya 15% na 25%.
Inyubako igira imbaraga nyinshi. Inkingi z'icyuma zishyigikira imizigo iremereye ifite ingano nto. Inkingi y'icyuma ikunze kuba ifite uburebure bwa mm 300 kuri mm 400. Inkingi ya sima ifite umutwaro umwe ikunze kuba ifite uburebure bwa mm 600 kuri mm 600. Inkingi nto zitanga umwanya munini imbere. Ibiro byinshi bigira ubuso bungana na 5% bw'ubuso bushobora gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe icyuma.
Inyubako z'ibyuma zirwanya umuriro neza iyo zikirinzwe neza. Igitambaro kidatwikwa cyongeraho uburebure bwa mm 2 kugeza kuri mm 5 ku buso bw'icyuma. Ibi bituma ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro bugera ku masaha 1.5 kugeza kuri 2. Amahame menshi y'ibiro akurikiza uru rwego.
Ibyuma byongera imikorere myiza mu bidukikije. Ibice byinshi by'icyuma biva mu bikoresho byasubiwemo. Hari inganda zimwe zikoresha 30% kugeza kuri 60% by'ibyuma byasubiwemo mu gukora. Abakozi bashobora kandi kongera gukoresha ibyuma iyo inyubako ihindutse. Ibi bigabanya imyanda.
Ibyuma bifasha mu bwubatsi budahumanye. Ibice byinshi by'icyuma bihagera byakozwe mbere. Ibi bigabanya imyanda iri aho hantu ku kigero cya 50% ugereranije na sima. Imijyi myinshi ikunda ubu buryo kugira ngo igabanye ivumbi.
Icyuma gitanga uburebure burebure. Inyubako ishobora kuba irimo ibyumba binini by'inama cyangwa ahantu hafunguye ho gukorera. Abashushanya benshi bakoresha uburebure bwa metero 9 kugeza kuri metero 12 ku biro bigezweho. Ibi binongera ihumure n'ubwisanzure mu miterere.
Imikorere n'Imyitwarire y'Igihe Kirekire
Inyubako y'ibiro by'icyuma igaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye by'imikorere. Urukuta rugumana ubukana bwiza. Imitako myinshi y'icyuma igera ku iherezo ry'aho igarukira munsi ya L/250 kugeza L/350. Ibi bigabanya guhindagura no kunoza ihumure.
Inyubako irwanya imitwaro y'umuyaga neza. Inyubako y'ibiro iciriritse ikunze guhura n'umuvuduko w'umuyaga uri hagati ya 0.5 kN/m² na 0.8 kN/m². Inkingi z'icyuma zifata iyi mitwaro byoroshye. Sisitemu yo gufunga ikoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma cyangwa inkoni. Inkoni isanzwe yo gufunga irwanya umuvuduko wa kN 100 kugeza 200 kN.
Inyubako z'ibyuma zigenzura ubushyuhe neza hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiza. Udupapuro twa PU dufite ubugari bwa mm 50 akenshi tugera ku gipimo cya U hafi ya 0.30 W/m²·K. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 10% kugeza kuri 20% mu biro.
Ingufu z'ijwi zirushaho kwiyongera iyo inkuta zikozwe mu byiciro. Imbaho za Gypsum n'ubwoya bwo gukingira bigabanya ijwi kuva kuri 40 dB kugeza kuri 50 dB. Ibi bifasha akazi gatuje. Ibyumba byinshi by'inama bikoresha ibice bibiri kugira ngo bigere ku gaciro ko hejuru kurushaho.
Igiciro cyo kubungabunga mu gihe kirekire kiguma kiri hasi. Inzugi z'icyuma zigomba kugenzurwa buri myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu. Inzugi nyinshi zigaragaza ingese iri munsi ya mm 0.1 ku mwaka hamwe n'ingufu nziza. Inzugi isanzwe ya zinc ya 275 g/m² irinda icyuma mu gihe kirenga imyaka 25.
Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Company ni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora ibikoresho by’ibyuma mu Bushinwa. Iyi sosiyete yakoze imishinga amagana y’ubuhanga mu by’ibyuma ku isi kandi ifite ubunararibonye bwinshi. Itsinda rikomeye ry’abashushanya n’ibikoresho bigezweho nk’imashini zica laser n’imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 3D CNC bishobora kwemeza ko igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye kandi kigatunganywa neza n’ibice byazo. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kuzigama amafaranga menshi n’igihe cyo kubaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-05-2025