Ibyumba bikonje byo mu mazi bitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi bifite agaciro karambye

Ibigo bikonjesha byo mu mazi birinda amafi mashya, isambaza, n'ibinyamisogwe kwangirika vuba. Ibigo bikonjesha bitakaza ubuziranenge vuba kurusha inyama kuko poroteyine yabyo igabanuka mu masaha atarenze atandatu kuri 10 °C. Ibimera byinshi byo mu mazi bikoresha uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe buri hagati ya −25 °C na 0 °C. Ibigo bikonjesha byo mu mazi bitanga ubushuhe buhamye, ubukonje bwihuse, n'umwuka mwiza. Ibi bifasha mu gutuma igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa kidakwirakwira kiri munsi ya 3%.

Itandukaniro

Ibiryo byo mu nyanjaibyumba bikonjeIrwanya ubushuhe bwinshi n'impumuro ikomeye kurusha ibyumba by'imbuto cyangwa inyama. Amafi mashya asohora hafi 6% by'amazi mu gihe cyo kubika hakiri kare. Icyumba gikonje gisanzwe ntigishobora guhangana n'ubu bushuhe bwihuse. Icyumba gikonje gikoresha umwuka mwinshi kugira ngo kigende metero 150 ku munota mu byumba biciriritse. Uyu mwuka utuma ubuso bwumya kandi ukagabanya gukura kwa bagiteri.

Ibiryo byo mu nyanja bifite imiterere ya poroteyine ikomeye. Izi poroteyine zitakaza ubuziranenge iyo ubushyuhe burenze 1 °C. Ibiro bisanzwe bikonjesha akenshi biha ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 3 °C. Ibiro bikonjesha byo mu nyanja bikoresha ibyuma bipima impinduka buri masegonda 10. Ubu buryo butuma ubushyuhe bw'ibanze buguma hagati ya −22 °C na −20 °C mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Icyumba gikonjesha cy’ibikomoka ku mafi gikoresha imiterere yo kugenzura impumuro mbi. Amafi arekura amine zikomeye iyo ubushyuhe burenze dogere selisiyusi 4. Ibyumba bisanzwe bikonje rimwe na rimwe bikwirakwiza iyo mpumuro mu bice byo kubikamo biri hafi aho. Icyumba gikonjesha cy’ibikomoka ku mafi gikoresha inzugi zifunze zifite umuvuduko uri munsi ya metero 0.2 ku isaha. Iyi miterere irinda ibindi byiciro by’ibiribwa.

Ibiryo byo mu nyanja nabyo bikonjesha vuba kurusha inyama zitukura. Inyama z'amafi zikonjesha mu minota 90 iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri −35 °C. Ibyumba bisanzwe bikonjesha ni gake bikoresha ubukonje bukomeye nk'ubwo. Ibyumba byo mu nyanja bikunze gukoresha ibice bishyushya umwuka kuri metero 4/s mu masahani. Iyi miterere ikomeza kuba nto kandi ikarinda imiterere.

Izi tandukaniro zigaragaza ko ibyumba bikonjesha byo mu mazi bikeneye kugenzura ubushyuhe cyane, guhumeka neza kw'umwuka, no gucunga impumuro nziza kurusha ibyumba bikonje bisanzwe. Ubu buryo butuma ibiryo bikonjesha bihora ari bishya kandi byiteguye ku isoko.

Ibyiza

Icyumba gikonjesha cy’amafi gitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bukomeye. Uburyo bugabanya ubushyuhe bw’icyumba kuva kuri 20 °C kugera kuri −20 °C mu minota 45. Igihe cyo kumanuka vuba kigabanya ikura rya bagiteri hafi 70%. Isambaza nshya zikunze kuguma zikomeye iminsi irindwi mu gihe zibitswe neza. Gukonja buhoro mu byumba bisanzwe bishobora kugabanya iki gihe kikagera ku minsi ine.

Icyumba gitanga kandi ingufu zihagije. Ibyuma bikingira bifite ubushyuhe bwa 0.45 W/m²·K bigabanya igihombo cy'ingufu hafi 30%. Abakoresha benshi bazigama 15% by'ikiguzi cy'ingufu buri kwezi. Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe ikoresha kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura inshuro nyazo. Ubu buryo bugabanya ingufu za compressor ho 10% mu masaha make yo gukora.

Indi nyungu ituruka ku kugenzura ubushuhe mu buryo bwizewe. Amafi yo mu nyanja akenera ubushuhe buri hagati ya 85% na 95%. Ubushuhe buke butuma ubuso bwumuka kandi bukagabanya uburemere bwa 2%. Icyumba gikonjesha cy’amafi cyongeramo ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushuhe kugira ngo kigumane ubushuhe buhamye. Iyi miterere irinda ubwiza bw’amafi n’ibara ry’umwimerere.

Icyumba gikonjesha kandi gishyigikira amahame akomeye y'isuku. Udupapuro tw'inkuta dukoresha irangi ry'ibiribwa rifite ubuso buto buri munsi ya mikoroni 0.5. Ubuso buroroshye bubuza bagiteri gufata. Abakozi bashobora gusukura buri rukuta mu minota itarenze 10.

Icyumba gikonjesha cy’ibiryo byo mu mazi gifasha kandi kubika ibintu byoroshye. Ibikoresho bishobora gutwara ibiro bigera kuri 600 kuri buri rwego. Amamashini yo guterura ibintu agenda byoroshye mu byumba bifite ubugari burenze metero 6. Ibimera byinshi byo mu mazi bikoresha ahantu hatandukanye mu gutunganya ibintu buri munsi.

Udupapuro two kubika ibintu bikonje

Udupande tw’amazi ni two dukoze mu cyumba gikonjesha cy’ibikomoka ku mafi. Imishinga myinshi ikoreshaUdupapuro twa PU cyangwa PIRifite ibice by'ifuro birebire. Ipine ya PU ya mm 100 itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe hafi ya 0.022 W/m·K. Iki giciro gifasha kugumana ubushyuhe bw'icyumba nubwo ubushyuhe bwo hanze bugera kuri 35 °C. Inganda nyinshi zo ku nkengero z'inyanja zishingira kuri ubu buryo.

Ubuso bw'icyuma akenshi bugira ubugari bwa mm 0.5. Ubu bunini burinda icyumba gupfuka mu gihe cy'akazi ka buri munsi. Impande zikomeye zishyigikira ipfuka ry'ururimi n'imirongo hamwe n'imbaraga zo gukanda hafi ya 180 N. Izi pfuka zigabanya umwuka usohoka hafi ya 40%. Gufunga neza bituma imikorere y'ubukonje irushaho kuba myiza.

Ibyumba byo mu mazi bikoresha kandi irangi ririnda ingese. Umunyu mu mazi ushobora kwangiza icyuma gisanzwe mu myaka ibiri. Icyuma cyihariye gitwikiriwe n'ibuye kimara imyaka irenga 12 mu duce tw'umunyu mwinshi. Ibimera byinshi bisukura ubuso hakoreshejwe amazi ya chlorine angana na 500 ppm nyuma ya buri gikorwa. Ibyuma bitwikiriwe n'ibuye birwanya ubu bushyuhe bw'imiti.

Ubunini bw'agace gashyirwamo ibikoresho buterwa n'ubushyuhe bw'inyubako. Agace gafite uburebure bwa mm 120-150 gashobora gushyirwa mu bubiko buri hagati ya -25 °C na -15 °C. Agace gafite uburebure bwa mm 200 gashobora gushyirwa mu bice bikonjesha kugeza kuri -35 °C. Ubu bunini bufasha injeniyeri kuringaniza ikiguzi n'imikorere myiza.

Ibimera bimwe na bimwe byo mu mazi binashyiramo amasahani ya aluminiyumu hasi. Aya masahani arinda inkuta ku nkuta z'imodoka. Imigozi isanzwe ya sahani y'amasahani ifite imbaraga za 300 N. Uku kuvugurura bituma ibyumba bikomeza gusukura no koroherwa.

Udupapuro dukomeje kuba igice kinini cy'ishoramari mu cyumba gikonje. Ni nabyo bigena ikiguzi cy'ingufu mu gihe kirekire. Ubwugarizi bukomeye n'ubuso busukuye bituma ubuzima buramba.

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha

Iyi mashini ikora ku buryo amazi yo mu nyanja ahora akonje. Iyi mashini ikora ku buryo amazi yo mu nyanja ahinduka cyane buri saha. Inzu nyinshi zo mu mazi zikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha hagati ya kW 12 na 50. Izi mashini zikurura ubushyuhe kuva kuri °C 10 kugeza kuri -25 °C nta stress. Iyi mashini yakozwe neza ikora amasaha 18 ku munsi.

Iyi kondensateri ikonjesha icyuma gikonjesha kuva ku muvuduko mwinshi kugeza ku muvuduko muke. Ibimera byinshi byo mu mazi bikoresha kondensateri zikonjesha umwuka zifite umuvuduko w'umwuka hafi metero 5.000 ku isaha. Inganda zimwe na zimwe zegereye inyanja zikoresha sisitemu zikonjesha amazi kugira ngo zigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 10%. Imiterere yombi ikenera umwuka uhoraho.

Imashini ishyushya umwuka ukonje mu cyumba. Imashini ishyushya amazi yo mu nyanja ikunze gutanga umwuka kuri -28 °C. Umufana ashobora kugera kuri m³ 800 kugeza 3.000 ku isaha bitewe n'ingano y'icyumba. Umuyaga mwinshi urinda imiterere y'amazi yo mu nyanja mu gukonjesha ubuso vuba. Ndetse no gukonjesha bigumana ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe munsi ya 1 °C.

Iyi mashini kandi irimo uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga. Akamashini gakurikirana ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imbaraga za compressor, n'ingendo zo gushonga. Kayungurura buri masaha 6 kugeza kuri 8 mu byumba bifite ubushuhe bwinshi. Buri ngendo ishongesha ubukonje mu minota 10. Kayungurura vuba karinda umwuka gutembera neza no gukonjesha.

Imashini nziza yo gukonjesha ituma umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza kandi igatuma uzigama ingufu. Inganda nyinshi zigabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu ho 12% iyo zikoresha ibyuma bihindura ingufu. Ibi bihindura ingufu bigabanya umuvuduko wa compressor mu masaha yoroheje. Imikorere ihamye kandi igabanya ubwitabire.
Ubu buryo bukora nk'umutima w'icyumba gikonje. Kwizerwa kwabwo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bw'ibiryo byo mu mazi.

Icyumba gikonjesha cy’ibikomoka ku mafi gitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku mafi, isambaza, n’ibinyamisogwe. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwacyo neza no guhumeka neza kw’umwuka bikomeza kugira ireme ry’ibicuruzwa kurusha ibyumba bikonjesha bisanzwe. Amasosiyete menshi y’ibikomoka ku mafi akoresha ibyo byumba kugira ngo ashyigikire ibyifuzo bikomeye by’isoko.