Gutunganya ibiryo bigezweho bisaba kwihuta, gushya, no gukonjesha vubaicyumba gikonjeIhaza ibyo bikenewe binyuze muri sisitemu zigezweho zo gukonjesha. Ikonjesha vuba ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigumane uburyohe, imiterere n'indyo.
Bitandukanye n'ibyumba bikonje bisanzwe, bibika gusa ibicuruzwa mu bushyuhe buke, ibyumba bikonje vuba birangiza igikorwa cyo gukonjesha mu minota mike. Iri koranabuhanga rigira uruhare runini mu nganda z'inyama, amafi, imbuto n'imboga.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyumba bikonje byihuse n'ibyumba bisanzwe bikonje
Icyumba gikonje gisanzwe cyibanda ku kubika aho gukonjesha. Ubushyuhe bwacyo busanzwe buri hagati ya -5°C na -18°C. Ibicuruzwa biri imbere biguma bihamye ariko ntibikonjesha vuba. Mu buryo bunyuranye, icyumba gikonjesha vuba gikorera kuri -30°C kugeza -45°C cyangwa ndetse munsi yacyo. Bikuraho ubushyuhe vuba mu gice cy'imbere cy'igicuruzwa mu gihe gito.
Umuvuduko ni wo ugaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye. Ibyumba bikonje bisanzwe bishobora gukenera amasaha menshi kugira ngo bikonjeshe ibiryo, mu gihe ibyumba bikonjesha vuba birangira mu masaha atarenze abiri. Umuvuduko wihuse w'ubukonje ubuza ikorwa rya kristu nini z'urubura. kristu nto zirinda imiterere y'uturemangingo, bigatuma uburyohe n'intungamubiri by'umwimerere bigumana neza nyuma yo gushonga.
Imiterere y'umwuka utembera nayo iratandukanye. Ibyumba bikonje vuba bikoresha amafeni akomeye yo mu ruhande cyangwa centrifugal. Aya mafeni azenguruka umwuka ku muvuduko mwinshi, akenshi hejuru ya metero 4/s. Ibyumba bikonje bisanzwe bikoresha umwuka woroshye uri munsi ya metero 1/s, ukwiriye gusa kubungabunga ubushyuhe.
Sisitemu zo gukonjesha nazo zigaragaza itandukaniro rigaragara. Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bikoresha compressors zifite ubushobozi bwinshi, ibyuma bikonjesha bya plate, cyangwa sisitemu zizunguruka. Bigumana ubushyuhe buke nubwo hari impinduka nyinshi. Ibyumba bikonjesha bisanzwe bikoresha compressors nto zagenewe kubika ibintu mu buryo buhamye kandi burambye.
Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe mu byumba bikonje vuba kandi bikonjesha bikora neza. Ibikoresho byo ku nkuta akenshi biba bifite utwuma twinshi twa polyurethane, hagati ya mm 150–200, ndetse na mm 250. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikonjesha bishobora gukoresha utwuma twa mm 100. Gukingira ubushyuhe bukomeye bigabanya igihombo cy'ingufu kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bw'imbere bugumana ubutayu buhamye.
Gushyira ibicuruzwa mu buryo butandukanye na byo. Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bikoresha ibintu bishyizwe ku masahani cyangwa ku biti kugira ngo umwuka uhure neza. Ibyumba bikonje bisanzwe bibika amapaki menshi igihe kirekire. Buri gishushanyo gishyigikira intego zitandukanye: gukonjesha vuba ugereranyije no kubikwa igihe kirekire.
Ibyiza
Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bitanga inyungu nyinshi zikomeye ku bacuruzi batunganya ibiribwa n'ababicuruza.
Akamaro k'ingenzi ni ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Gukonjesha vuba bifunga ubushuhe mu miterere y'ibiryo. Nyuma yo gushonga, inyama, amafi, cyangwa imbuto bigumana uburyohe, ibara n'imiterere y'umwimerere. Mu gukonjesha buhoro buhoro, uturemangingo tunini twangiza uturemangingo tw'uturemangingo kandi bigatera kubura amazi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko amafi akonjesha vuba agumana 95% by'ubushuhe bwa mbere, mu gihe amafi akonjesha buhoro buhoro agumana 80% gusa.
Agaciro k'indyo karacyari hejuru. Kugabanuka cyane kw'ubushyuhe bihagarika imikorere ya enzymes no gukura kwa mikorobe vuba. Vitamine na poroteyine bigumaho igihe kirekire. Iyi nyungu ituma isoko ryemerwa neza kandi ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa bikaba biri hejuru.
Gukoresha ingufu neza bitanga indi nyungu. Nubwo gukonjesha vuba bitwara ingufu nyinshi ako kanya, ingufu zose zikoreshwa kuri toni y'ibicuruzwa akenshi ziragabanuka. Imikorere yihuse igabanya igihe cyo gukora compressor. Gushyira ingufu neza bigabanya ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kandi bikagabanya amashanyarazi.
Ubworoherane mu kubika ibintu nabwo buriyongera. Iyo ibiryo bigeze ku bushyuhe bwifuzwa bwakonje, bishobora kwimukira mu bubiko busanzwe bukonje kugira ngo bibikwe igihe kirekire. Uku gutandukanya ubukonje n'ububiko vuba bigabanya ubukene bw'ahantu hose kandi kunoza uburyo bwo kubitunganya.
Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba kandi bifasha mu mutekano no mu isuku. Uburyo bwihuse bugabanya ibyago byo gukura kwa bagiteri. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikora n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru butuma ikirere gihora gihindagurika. Ibyuma byinshi birimo imbere mu byuma bitagira umugese n'aho bihurira kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura.
Inyungu z'ubucuruzi zigaragara neza. Ibigo bishobora gufunga ibicuruzwa by'igihembwe vuba kandi bikagurishwa umwaka wose. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma habaho uburinganire bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo inyungu zihora zihagaze. Urugero, abatunganya imbuto bashobora kubika umusaruro mushya ako kanya bakawohereza nyuma nta gihombo cy'ubwiza.
Mu rwego rw'inganda, ibyumba bikonjesha vuba byongera umusaruro. Gukomeza gukora no gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwikora bituma bikonjesha cyane. Mu bimera byo mu mazi, umusaruro ushobora kugera kuri toni nyinshi mu isaha. Umusaruro mwinshi ufasha guhaza ibyifuzo byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kandi ugashyigikira amabwiriza akaze agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa.
Ingingo z'ingenzi z'umusaruro
Kubaka icyumba gikonjesha vuba bisaba kwitabwaho cyane ku bikoresho, imiterere, n'imikorere. Buri kintu cyose bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'ubukonje n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho byo gukingira bigomba kuba bifite ubucucike bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke. Ifuro rya polyurethane rifite ubucucike buri hagati ya 40–45 kg/m³ ritanga umusaruro mwiza cyane. Ubunini bw'urukuta akenshi bugera kuri mm 150–250 kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje bukabije. Ihuriro hagati y'ibice bigomba gufunga neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka usohoka. Ndetse n'icyuho gito gishobora gupfusha ubusa ingufu no kongera ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
Icya kabiri, imiterere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifite uruhare runini. Compressors zikenera ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe buri hasi nubwo zaba zishyushye cyane. Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwo gukanda bubiri cyangwa bujyanye. Agace k'aho amashanyarazi aturuka hagomba kuba kanini kugira ngo gashobore guhangana n'ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe. Imiyoboro y'umuringa n'amababa ya aluminiyumu bifasha kunoza imikorere.
Gutunganya uburyo umwuka unyuramo bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe. Imiterere y’aho umwuka unyura igomba gutuma buri gicuruzwa gikonjeshwa neza. Abafana bagomba gutanga umwuka wihuta cyane hagati y’amashelufu cyangwa amasahani. Abahanga mu by’imashini bakunze gukora imiyoboro y’umwuka igabanya uturere twapfuye. Hari uburyo bumwe na bumwe bukoresha utuzu duto two kugenzura icyerekezo cy’umwuka.
Ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bugena ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Utumashini dupima ubushyuhe n'udukoresho tw'ikoranabuhanga tugomba gusubiza vuba impinduka. Itandukaniro rya dogere selisiyusi na 1 rishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'urubura. Ibyumba bikonje bikonje bigezweho akenshi bikoresha sisitemu zo kugenzura zishingiye kuri PLC hamwe no gufata amakuru. Izi sisitemu zifasha gukurikirana buri cyiciro no kubahiriza amahame y'ibyemeza byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Sisitemu zo gushonga nazo zikeneye kwitabwaho. Ubwinshi bw'urubura ku mababa y'ibikoresho byo mu kirere bigabanya imikorere myiza. Sisitemu zo gushonga zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ibyuma bipima igihe kugira ngo zikureho ubukonje buri gihe. Gushonga neza bikomeza umuyaga kandi bigatuma imikorere ihoraho.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzu kigomba guhangana n'imitwaro iremereye ndetse n'ubushyuhe buke. Hasi ha sima hagomba kuba hari insinga zishyushya kugira ngo hatabaho ubukonje bwinshi. Ahantu hagomba kuba hatanyerera kandi hagakomeza kuba horoshye gusukura.
Ibitekerezo ku mishinga
Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Co., Ltdni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora ibikoresho bikonjesha. Isosiyete ifite uburambe buhanitse mu gushushanya no gukora.
Dong`an yigeze gukora icyumba gikonjesha vuba gifite metero kibe 2.500. Ubu buryo bukoresha compressors za ammonia na frigori za plate. Bukonjesha cod, herring na king crab kuva kuri 0°C kugeza kuri –35°C mu minota 90. Ubushobozi bwo gukora bwageze kuri toni 10 kuri buri ruziga. Ugereranyije n'ubusanzwe, igihe cyo gukonjesha cyagabanutseho 60%, kandi ikiguzi cy'ingufu cyagabanutseho 18%.
Dongan Company kandi yubaka ububiko bukonjesha vuba ku bigo byinshi by’ubuhinzi byo mu Bushinwa cyangwa ibigo bikonjesha. Urugero, mu mushinga w’ububiko bukonjesha muri Heilongjiang, kugira ngo habeho ibikenewe by’amashaza n’ibigori bikonjesha, Dongan Company yakoze umuti ukoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha vuba. Icyumba gikomeza kuba na -40°C aho umwuka utemba wa metero 5/s. Buri gice cya toni 3 gikonjesha mu minota 80. Ibara ry’ibicuruzwa n’uburyohe byakomeje kuba bihamye ndetse na nyuma y’amezi atandatu bibitswe. Ibizamini byagaragaje ko vitamine C yatakaye munsi ya 5%, mu gihe ubukonje busanzwe bwateje igihombo cya 15%.
Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bihindura uburyo inganda zibika kandi zigakwirakwiza ibiribwa. Ibyiza byabyo birimo ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, imikorere myiza, no kunoza umutekano. Uko ibiryo birushaho kwiyongera, ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bizakomeza kuba ingenzi kuri sisitemu y'uruhererekane rw'ibikonje ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Ukwakira 2025