Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibikoresho bya polyurethane byarushijeho gukundwa, urugero nk'ibikoresho byo kubika ibintu bikonje byakozwe na Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets mu Bushinwa, bikozwe mu bikoresho bya polyurethane.
Muri rusange, polyurethane ishobora kugabanywamo thermosetting na thermoplastic, kandi ishobora gukorwamo pulasitiki za polyurethane (cyane cyane pulasitiki za foam), fibre za polyurethane (spandex), na polyurethane elastomer. Ibikoresho byinshi bya polyurethane byitwa thermosetting, nka polyurethane foam zoroshye, zikomeye n'izidakomeye.
Gukoresha polyurethane mu gutunganya ibikoresho bishya akenshi bikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bishya, kuko ubu buryo bufite akamaro kandi buhendutse. By'umwihariko, bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bishya:
Ubu buryo ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibintu. Ifuro ryoroshye rya polyurethane rimenwa mo ibice bya santimetero nyinshi hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya, hanyuma kole ya polyurethane ikoreshwa igaterwa mu mvange. Kole ikoreshwa muri rusange ni polyurethane foam combination cyangwa NCO terminated prepolymer ishingiye kuri polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Mu gihe ukoresha kole ishingiye kuri PAPI mu guhuza no gushushanya, kuvanga umwuka bishobora no gushyirwamo. Mu gihe cyo guhuza polyurethane, ongeramo 90% by'imyanda ya polyurethane na 10% by'imyanda, uvange neza, cyangwa ongeramo amarangi make, hanyuma ushyiremo igitutu ku mvange.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyunganiramikorere ntabwo rifite ubworoherane bwinshi gusa, ahubwo rinahindura cyane imiterere y'ibikoresho bya nyuma. Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bya polyurethane ni ugukora inyunganiramikorere ya polyurethane ivuguruye binyuze mu guhuza inyunganiramikorere y'imyanda nk'ibisigazwa by'inyunganiramikorere y'inyunganiramikorere, ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'inyuma y'itapi, umukandara wa siporo, ibikoresho byo gukingira urusaku n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Uduce tw'inyunganiramikorere tworoheje n'amakori bishobora guhindurwamo ibintu nk'udupira two hasi tw'imodoka ku bushyuhe n'umuvuduko runaka; Hakoreshejwe umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibice bikomeye nk'udusanduku tw'ipompo bishobora guhindurwamo.
Ifuro rya polyurethane rigid polyurethane foam and reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer naryo rishobora kongera gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe. Kuvanga imyanda n'ibipimo bya isocyanate prepolymers kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bushyushye, nk'aho bakora udukingirizo tw'imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro. | 2、Gukoresha imashini ishyushye cyane Ifuro ryoroshye rya polyurethane na RIM polyurethane bifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe no gupakira ibintu mu buryo bwa pulasitiki mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya 100-200 ℃. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, imyanda ya polyurethane ishobora guhuzwa hagati yayo hadakoreshejwe kole. Kugira ngo ibikoresho byasubiwemo birusheho kuba bimwe, akenshi ni ngombwa gusya imyanda hanyuma ukabishyushya hanyuma ukayikanda kugira ngo imere neza.
Imiterere y'imiterere iterwa n'ubwoko bw'imyanda ya polyurethane n'ibicuruzwa byasubiwemo. Urugero, imyanda ya polyurethane soft foam ishobora gushyuha mu gihe cy'iminota myinshi ku gitutu cya 1-30MPa n'ubushyuhe bwa 100-220 ° C kugira ngo ikore ibintu bigabanya impanuka, ibirinda imvururu, n'ibindi bice.
Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe neza mu kongera gukoresha ibice by’imodoka bya polyurethane byo mu bwoko bwa RIM. Urugero, inzugi z’imodoka n’ibikoresho byazo bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ifu ya polyurethane ya RIM ingana na 6% na fiberglass ingana na 15%. | 3、Bikoreshwa nk'inyunganiramirire Ifuro ryoroshye rya polyurethane rishobora guhindurwamo uduce duto duto hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya cyangwa gusya buciriritse, kandi gukwirakwira kw'utwo duce byongerwa muri polyols kugira ngo bikore ifuro rya polyurethane cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba bidasubiza gusa imyanda ya polyurethane, ahubwo binagabanya neza ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa. Ifu yamenetse muri MDI ifuro rya polyurethane rikonje rishobora kugabanywa kuri 15%, kandi 25% by'ifu yamenetse bishobora kongerwa muri TDI ifuro rishyushye rishobora gukurwamo nibura.
Uburyo bumwe ni ugushyiramo imyanda ya foam yaciwe mbere muri polyol yoroshye ya foam polyether, hanyuma ukayisya mu ruganda rukwiye kugira ngo hakorwe uruvange rwa "polyol isubijwemo" rurimo uduce duto two gukora foam yoroshye.
Imyanda ya RIM polyurethane ishobora gusya ikavangwa n'ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igakorwamo RIM elastomers. Nyuma y'uko imyanda ya polyurethane rigid foam na polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam isya ishwanyagujwe, ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kongeramo 5% by'ibikoresho byasubijwe mu buryo buvanze kugira ngo ikore ifuro rigid. |
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo bushya bwo kugarura imiti bwaragaragaye
Itsinda rya Kaminuza ya Illinois riyobowe na Porofeseri Steven Zimmerman ryateguye uburyo bwo kubora imyanda ya polyurethane no kuyihinduramo ibindi bikoresho by'ingirakamaro.
Umunyeshuri wo muri kaminuza Ephraim Morado yizeye kongera gukoresha polimeri binyuze mu buryo bwa chimique kugira ngo akemure ikibazo cy'imyanda ya polyurethane. Ariko, polyurethane ifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza cyane kandi ikorwa mu bice bibiri bigoye kubora: isocyanates na polyols.
Polyols niyo mpamvu nyamukuru y'ikibazo, kuko zikurwa muri peteroli kandi ntizoroha kwangirika. Kugira ngo hirindwe iki kibazo, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi ryakoresheje acetal y'ibinyabutabire ishobora kwangirika kandi ishonga mu mazi. Ibicuruzwa byangiritse bikozwe mu gushonga kwa polymeri hakoreshejwe aside trichloroacetic na dichloromethane ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bishya. Nk'igihamya cy'uko ibintu bimeze, Morado ishobora guhindura elastomer zikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira no mu bice by'imodoka mo kole.
Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubu buryo bushya bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho ni ikiguzi n’uburozi bw’ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gusubiza ibintu mu buryo. Kubwibyo, abashakashatsi ubu barimo kugerageza gushaka uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse bwo kugera kuri ubwo buryo bakoresheje imiti yoroheje nka vinegere mu kwangiza.
Mu gihe kizaza, inyubako ya Harbin Dong'anurupapuros ikigokandi izakomeza gukurikirana udushya tw’inganda no gukomeza gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga no kurengera ibidukikije, ikomeza guhanga udushya kugira ngo imashini za Dong'an zikoresha polyurethane zirusheho kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi zigire ubuzima bwiza. Twizera kandi ko hazabaho ubundi buryo bushya bwo kurengera ibidukikije buzabaho mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2023