Mu myaka yashize, ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane bimaze kumenyekana cyane, nkibikoresho byo kubika bikonje bikozwe n’impapuro zubaka za Harbin Dong'an mu Bushinwa, bikozwe mu bikoresho bya polyurethane.
Mubisanzwe, polyurethane irashobora kugabanywa muri thermosetting na thermoplastique, kandi irashobora gukorwa muri plastiki ya polyurethane (cyane cyane plastiki ifuro), fibre polyurethane (spandex), na elastomers polyurethane. Ibikoresho byinshi bya polyurethane byitwa thermosetting, nkibibyimba byoroshye, bikomeye kandi byigice cya polyurethane.
Gutunganya polyurethane akenshi bifata uburyo bwo gutunganya umubiri, kuko ubu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza kandi mubukungu. By'umwihariko, irashobora kugabanywamo uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya:
Ubu buryo ni tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane. Ifuro ryoroshye ya polyurethane yajanjaguwe mo ibice bya santimetero nyinshi hamwe na gride, hanyuma imiti ya polyurethane yangiza itera muri mixer. Ibifatika bikoreshwa mubisanzwe ni polyurethane ifuro cyangwa NCO yarangije prepolymer ishingiye kuri polifenil polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Mugihe ukoresheje PAPI yifatanije kugirango uhuze kandi ubumbabumbe, kuvanga amavuta nabyo birashobora gutangizwa. Muburyo bwo guhuza imyanda polyurethane, ongeramo 90% imyanda polyurethane na 10% ifata, vanga neza, cyangwa wongereho amarangi, hanyuma ukande kivanze.
Ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji ntirishobora guhinduka gusa, ahubwo rifite impinduka nini mumiterere yibicuruzwa byanyuma. Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane nugukora ifumbire mvaruganda ya polyurethane muguhuza imyanda yimyanda nkibisigazwa byifuro byoroshye, bikoreshwa cyane cyane nko gusubiza inyuma itapi, materi ya siporo, ibikoresho byerekana amajwi nibindi bicuruzwa. Ibice byoroheje byifuro hamwe nibifatika birashobora kubumbabumbwa mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho byo munsi yimodoka ku bushyuhe runaka nigitutu; Ukoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe, ibice bikomeye nkamazu ya pompe birashobora kubumbabumbwa.
Rigid polyurethane ifuro hamwe no gutera inshinge (RIM) polyurethane elastomer nayo irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe. Kuvanga imyanda hamwe na isocyanate prepolymers kugirango ushushe ushushe, nko gukora imiyoboro yimiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gushyushya imiyoboro. | 2、Gushushanya bishyushye Thermosetting polyurethane yoroshye ifuro hamwe nibicuruzwa bya RIM polyurethane bifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe byoroshya ubushyuhe hamwe na plastike mubushyuhe bwa 100-200 ℃. Munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu, imyanda polyurethane irashobora guhuzwa hamwe idakoresheje imiti. Kugirango ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza birusheho kuba ngombwa, akenshi birakenewe kumenagura imyanda hanyuma ugashyuha hanyuma ukayikanda muburyo.
Imiterere yimiterere iterwa nubwoko bwimyanda polyurethane nibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa. Kurugero, imyanda ya polyurethane yoroshye ifuro irashobora gushyukwa muminota mike kumuvuduko wa 1-30MPa hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 100-220 ° C kugirango bitange ibyuma bikurura, ibyondo, nibindi bice.
Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe neza mugutunganya ibikoresho bya RIM ubwoko bwa polyurethane. Kurugero, imbaho zumuryango wimodoka hamwe nibikoresho byabikoresho birashobora gukorwa hamwe nifu ya RIM polyurethane hafi 6% na fiberglass 15%. | 3、Byakoreshejwe nkuzuza Polyurethane yoroheje ifuro irashobora guhinduka mubice byiza hamwe no guhonyora ubushyuhe buke cyangwa gusya, kandi gukwirakwiza utwo duce byongewe kuri polyole yo gukora ifuro rya polyurethane cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa, bitagarura gusa imyanda ya polyurethane, ariko kandi bigabanya neza. igiciro cyibicuruzwa. Ibiri mu ifu yamenetse muri MDI ishingiye ku mbeho ikonje yoroheje ya polyurethane ifuro igarukira kuri 15%, naho 25% yifu yamenetse irashobora kongerwaho muri TDI ishingiye ku ifuro ishyushye ikize cyane.
Inzira imwe ni ukongeramo imyanda yabanje gukata imyanda muri polyol yoroshye, hanyuma ukayitonyanga mu ruganda rukwiye kugirango ube uruvange rwa "recycled polyol" rurimo uduce duto two gukora ifuro ryoroshye.
Imyanda ya RIM polyurethane irashobora kumenagura ifu, ikavangwa nibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igakorerwa muri elastomers ya RIM. Nyuma yimyanda polyurethane igoye ifuro hamwe na polyisocyanurate (PIR) imyanda yamenetse, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango hongerwemo 5% byongeye gutunganyirizwa hamwe kugirango bibyare ifuro rikomeye. |
Mu myaka yashize, hagaragaye uburyo bushya bwo kugarura imiti
Itsinda rya kaminuza ya Illinois riyobowe na Porofeseri Steven Zimmerman ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kubora imyanda ya polyurethane no kuyihindura mu bindi bicuruzwa bifite akamaro.
Umunyeshuri urangije Ephraim Morado yizeye kongera gukoresha polymers hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique kugirango akemure ikibazo cyimyanda ya polyurethane. Nyamara, polyurethane ifite ituze ryinshi cyane kandi ikozwe mubice bibiri bigoye kubora: isocyanates na polyoli.
Polyoli nurufunguzo rwikibazo, kuko ruvanwa muri peteroli kandi ntirwangirika byoroshye. Kugira ngo wirinde izo ngorane, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo kwangirika no gushonga amazi acetal. Ibicuruzwa bitesha agaciro byakozwe no gushonga polymers hamwe na acide trichloroacetic na dichloromethane mubushyuhe bwicyumba birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bishya. Nkigihamya cyibitekerezo, Morado irashobora guhindura elastomers ikoreshwa cyane mugupakira hamwe nibice byimodoka mubifata.
Nyamara, imbogamizi nini yubu buryo bushya bwo gutunganya ni igiciro nuburozi bwibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugukora reaction. Kubwibyo, abashakashatsi kuri ubu barimo kugerageza gushaka uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse kugirango bagere ku nzira imwe bakoresheje imiti yoroheje nka vinegere yo kwangirika.
Mugihe kizaza, inyubako ya Harbin Dong'anurupapuros sosiyeteizakurikiranira hafi kandi udushya tw’inganda kandi ikomeze gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga mu kurengera ibidukikije, idahwema guhanga udushya kugira ngo panneurethane ya Dong'an yangiza ibidukikije kandi ifite ubuzima bwiza. Twizera kandi ko hazabaho ubundi buryo bushya bwo kurengera ibidukikije bwavutse ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2023