Ibyumba bikonjesha bigezweho kugira ngo birambe neza

Ibyumba bikonjesha bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibiribwa, gutwara abantu, no gukora inganda. Bigumana ubushyuhe budahindagurika kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa no kugumana ubushyuhe bushya. Inganda nyinshi, harimo n'izitunganya ibiribwa, imiti, n'ibikoresho, zishingira ku byumba bikonjesha buri munsi. Ibi byumba bishobora kuva ku byumba bito byo kubikamo ibintu kugeza ku byumba binini bikonjesha byo mu nganda. Icyumba gikonjesha cyakozwe neza gipima ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'ikirere kugira ngo gikoreshwe neza kandi gikore neza ingufu.

Ni ngombwa ku bigo bigezweho

Aicyumba gikonjeshani ahantu hagenzurwa ubushyuhe, habikwa ibintu bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe buke. Bifasha mu kubungabunga ibiryo, kongera igihe ibicuruzwa bimara, no gukumira gukura kwa bagiteri. Ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu nzu akenshi buri hagati ya 0°C na 15°C, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa. Urugero, imbuto n'imboga bibikwa neza kuri 2–8°C, mu gihe ibinyobwa akenshi bikenera hafi 10°C.

Ibyumba bikonjesha biboneka mu maduka manini, mu mahoteli, mu nganda z'ibiribwa, no mu bigo bishinzwe ibikoresho. Icyumba gito gikonjesha gifite ubuso bwa metero kare 20 gishobora kubika toni zigera kuri 5 z'ibiribwa. Ibyumba binini bikonjesha, nk'ibyo mu bigo bitanga ibicuruzwa, bishobora gukwirakwira metero kare zirenga 1.000.

Intego nyamukuru yaicyumba gikonjeshani ugukuraho ubushyuhe ku bicuruzwa no kubungabunga imiterere ihamye. Bitandukanye n'icyumba cyo muri firigo, ntabwo gikonjesha ibicuruzwa ahubwo kibikomeza kuba bishya kugira ngo bikoreshwe buri munsi cyangwa mu gihe gito.

Ibice by'ingenzi by'icyumba gikonjesha

Icyumba gikonjesha kigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi bikorana kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kuba buke. Buri gice kigira uruhare runini mu gutuma imikorere ihoraho n'ingufu zikoreshwa neza.

Igice cya mbere ni sisitemu y’ibice bitwikiriye. Inkuta, igisenge, n’ubutaka bikoresha ibice bya sandwich bikozwe mu bikoresho nka polyurethane (PU) cyangwa polyisocyanurate (PIR). Ibi bice bibuza ubushyuhe kwimuka buturutse hanze. Urugero, ibice bya PU bya mm 100 bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa 0.024 W/m·K gusa, bigatuma ubushyuhe buhindagurika munsi ya 1°C ku isaha.

Igice cya kabiri ni sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Irimo compressor, condenser, na evaporator. Compressor izenguruka frigo, ikamura ubushyuhe buva mu cyumba gikonjesha ikaburekura hanze. Compressor ya 5 HP ishobora gukonjesha icyumba cya metero 50 mu isaha imwe.

Igice cya gatatu ni sisitemu yo kuzenguruka no kugenzura umwuka. Ibikoresho bikonjesha bikwirakwiza umwuka ukonje neza kandi bikarinda ahantu hashyuha. Imashini igenzura ubushyuhe, sensor, n'icyuma cyo kwerekana bitanga impinduka nziza. Urugero, imashini igenzura ubushyuhe ishobora kugumana ubushyuhe kuri 4.0°C ± 0.5°C mu buryo bwikora.

Igice cya kane ni urugi n'uburyo bwo kuziba. Inzugi zo mu cyumba gikonjesha zirimo ubushyuhe kandi zishyirwaho gasket zikomeye za magnetique kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka uva. Inzugi zifunga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rizifasha kugabanya imyanda y'ingufu kugeza kuri 10%.

Hanyuma, bimwe mu byumba bikonjesha bigezweho birimo sisitemu zo kugenzura. Izi sisitemu zandika amakuru y'ubushyuhe kandi zohereza amatangazo mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Buri gice kigomba gukora neza kugira ngo gikonje neza kandi kigire umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire. Uko ibikoresho n'ibice byacyo birushaho kuba byiza, ni ko icyumba gikonjesha kirushaho kuba gihamye kandi kidakoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Ingingo z'igishushanyo mbonera

Gushushanya icyumba cyiza cyo gukonjesha bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ibicuruzwa bikenewe, imiterere y'aho bikorerwa, n'amahame ngenderwaho ya tekiniki.

Intambwe ya mbere ni uguteganya ubushobozi. Abashushanya bagomba kumenya ingano n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bizabikwa. Urugero, niba icyumba gikonjesha gikeneye kujyamo toni 10 z'imbuto, ingano y'igishushanyo igomba kuba nka metero 50. Ahantu hiyongereyeho hatuma umwuka utembera neza kandi byoroshye gupakira.

Igikurikiraho ni ugushyira ubushyuhe mu gace runaka. Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bisaba ubushyuhe butandukanye. Hari ahantu hagabanyije icyumba kimwe kinini gikonjesha mo uduce duto. Urugero, inyama zishobora kubikwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 2 n'amata kuri dogere selisiyusi 5 mu cyumba kimwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka bitandukanye.

Ubunini bw'ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bujyanye n'ubushyuhe n'ikirere byifuzwa. Mu turere dushyuha, ibipande bifite ubunini bwa mm 120 bikora neza kurusha ibipande bya mm 75. Amakuru agaragaza ko ubushyuhe bunini bugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ho 15%.

Guhitamo sisitemu yo gukonjesha nabyo ni ingenzi. Ubushobozi bwa kompreseri, ubwoko bwa firigo, n'ingano y'umufana ukonjesha bigomba kuba bihuye n'umutwaro wo gukonjesha. Sisitemu ntoya ntishobora kugera ku bushyuhe bw'intego, mu gihe nini cyane ipfusha ubusa ingufu.

Imiterere y'umwuka igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubukonje. Umuyaga mubi utembera neza utuma ubushyuhe bungana. Abahanga mu by'imashini bakunze gushyira ibikoresho bishyushya hafi y'igisenge kugira ngo umwuka ukonje ugabanuke neza.

Hanyuma, umutekano no kubungabunga ni ingenzi. Kongeramo ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, ibyuma bipima igihe cyo gushyushya, n'ibiza byikora birinda kwangirika gukabije. Igenzura rya buri mezi atandatu rituma imikorere ihora ihagaze neza.

Icyumba cyo gukonjesha cyakozwe neza gipima ikiguzi, imikorere myiza, n'ubwizerwe, bigatuma gikomeza gukora neza kandi mu mutekano.

Ni gute wakora kandi ugashyiraho icyumba cyo gukonjesha cyiza?

Umusaruro n'uburyo bwo kuwushyiramo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'icyumba gikonjesha. Gushyiramo nabi bishobora gutuma umwuka uva, ubukonje budahagije, ndetse n'amafaranga menshi y'ingufu.

Igikorwa cyo gukora gitangirana no gukora neza amapaneli. Buri parike igomba guhuza ingano y'igishushanyo muri ± 2mm. Inganda zikora neza zikoresha imirongo ihoraho yo gukora amapaneli ya PU cyangwa PIR. Ibi bituma habaho ubucucike buhamye, ubugari, n'umwuka utagira umwuka.

Mu gihe cyo guteranya, abakozi bahuza amapine n'imigozi hanyuma bakayafunga na silicone kugira ngo bahagarike ibiraro by'ubushyuhe. Urugero, ipfundikiye neza ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 5–8%.

Hakurikiyeho gushyiraho ibikoresho bikonjesha. Compressor, condenser, na evaporator bigomba guhuzwa n'imiyoboro y'umuringa. Imiyoboro yose igomba gusukurwa kandi igapimwa niba hari aho iva. Gupima umuvuduko kuri 2.5MPa bituma nta gihombo kiri muri firigo.

Insinga z'amashanyarazi zigomba gukurikiza amategeko y'umutekano akomeye. Udusanduku two kugenzura tugomba kuguma twumye kandi tugendwa na two. Insinga zigomba kuba zifite ibikoresho byo kwirinda kwangirika kw'ubushuhe.

Amaherezo, gushyiraho sisitemu bigenzura imikorere. Injeniyeri zipima ubushyuhe bw'icyumba byibuze amasaha 12. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubushyuhe busanzwe n'ubushyuhe nyabwo ntirigomba kurenga 1°C.

Gutunganya no gushyiraho neza bituma icyumba gikonjesha gikora neza, cyizewe kandi kiramba. Buri kintu cyose kiri muri icyo gikorwa gikora kugira ngo gikize ingufu muri rusange kandi gitekanye ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa.

Imikoreshereze y'ibyumba byo gukonjesha

Isoko ry’icyumba cyo gukonjesha ni byinshi cyane kuruta uko abantu babizi. Uretse resitora, amasoko acuruza ibiribwa byinshi, amasosiyete atunganya ibiribwa n’ibijyanye n’ibikoresho, imirima, inganda zikora imiti, ndetse n’amasosiyete acuruza imiti byose bikeneye ibyumba bikonjesha.

Abahinzi bakoresha ibyumba byo gukonjesha kugira ngo babike imyaka yasaruwe mbere yo kuyigeza ku isoko. Ibi bifasha abahinzi kwirinda kugabanuka kw'ibiciro guterwa no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi mu buryo butunguranye. Kimwe n'uko bimeze ku murima wa buri muhinzi wa kiwi muri Ositaraliya, hari ibyumba byo gukonjesha bigezweho. Ibi byumba byo gukonjesha byemeza ko imbuto zasaruwe ziguma ari nshya.

Inganda zikora imiti kandi zishingira ku byumba bikonjesha. Inkingo nyinshi n'imiti bisaba kubikwa hagati ya 2°C na 8°C. Ahantu hakonjesha hahamye hatuma habaho imikorere myiza no kubahiriza amahame y'ubuzima.

Icyumba gikonjesha si ahantu hakonje gusa—ni ahantu hagenzurwa kandi habungabungwa neza habungabunga ubuziranenge, umutekano, n'imikorere myiza. Imiterere myiza, umusaruro mwiza, no gushyiraho neza bitanga ubushyuhe buhamye n'ingufu nke. Haba mu bubiko bw'ibiribwa, imiti, cyangwa ibikoresho, ibyumba bikonjesha birinda ibicuruzwa by'agaciro kandi bigagabanya imyanda.