Inyubako z'inganda z'ibyuma zazamuye imikorere y'inganda nini

Inyubako y'uruganda rw'ibyuma ifasha ibikorwa byinshi by'inganda. Inganda nyinshi zihitamo inyubako z'ibyuma kugira ngo zikomere. Inyubako ikora ku mashini, ububiko, n'ibikoresho. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha uburebure buri hagati ya metero 20 na metero 80. Igishushanyo mbonera cyayo gifasha imizigo iremereye no kumara igihe kirekire. Inyubako z'ibyuma zigabanya igihe cyo kubaka n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga. Ibigo byinshi bikoresha ibyuma kugira ngo birusheho kugira umutekano. Inyubako y'uruganda nayo ihinduka kugira ngo irusheho kwaguka. Inyubako y'uruganda rw'ibyuma itanga agaciro k'igihe kirekire ku bakinnyi.

Imiterere y'ingenzi y'inyubako y'uruganda rw'ibyuma

Inyubako y'uruganda rw'icyuma ikoresha imiterere isobanutse neza.urukiramende rw'icyumaIrimo inkingi, imiringa, imiringa, n'imiringa. Inkingi nyinshi zikoresha icyuma cya H-beam. Ingano isanzwe y'inkingi ni H300×300×10×15. Ibisenge byinshi bikoresha imiringa y'ibyuma ifite imiterere ya Z cyangwa C. Ingano isanzwe ya Z purlin ni Z180. Inyubako inakoresha imiringa yo ku rukuta kugira ngo ishyigikire impande.

Uru rukuta rufata intera ndende. Ubugari busanzwe bw'inganda buri hagati ya metero 20 na metero 50. Inganda nini zikoresha ubugari bugera kuri metero 80. Uburebure bw'inyubako buri hagati ya metero 6 na metero 20. Inyubako ndende zifata imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imashini nini.

Imiyoboro ikoresha imigozi ikomeye cyane. Imigozi myinshi ikoresha urwego rwa 8.8 cyangwa 10.9. Urukuta runakubiyemo inkoni zo gusimbuza. Izi nkoni zigabanya umuyaga mu gihe cy'inkubi z'umuyaga. Inyubako y'icyuma ikoresha imigozi yo gusimbuza kugira ngo ifatanye n'inkingi. Buri mugozi usanzwe upima M20 na M30.

Inyubako ishyigikira imitwaro iremereye. Ibisenge byinshi bitwara umutwaro wapfuye wa 0.3 kN/m². Umutwaro uzima ushobora kugera kuri 0.57 kN/m². Urukuta rukomeye rurinda igiti umuyaga n'urubura.

Ibiranga Ibikoresho n'Ibiranga

Inyubako y'icyuma ikoresha icyuma mu bice byinshi. Icyuma gitanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gukurura. Ibyuma byinshi bigira imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro wa 345 MPa. Hari inganda ziremereye zikoresha icyuma cya Q390 cyangwa Q420. Izi nganda zishyigikira ibikoresho biremereye.

Inyubako ikoresha ibyuma bipfundikiye ku nkuta no ku bisenge. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha amabati y'icyuma afite ubugari bwa mm 0.4 kugeza kuri mm 0.6. Inyubako zimwe na zimwe zikoreshapaneli za sandwichhamwe na PU cyangwa PIR. Ipaneli ya mm 50 itanga ubushyuhe bukomeye. Ipaneli ya mm 75 irushaho kugenzura ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 20%.

Ibice by'icyuma bigaragaza igihe kirekire cyo gukora. Ibice byinshi by'icyuma bimara imyaka 30 kugeza kuri 50. Imyambaro yo kurinda yongera igihe cyo gukora. Ibimera byinshi bikoresha ibyuma bifite ubugari bwa μm 80. Iyo mashini igabanya ingese mu bihe by'ubukonje.

Inyubako kandi igenzura umutekano w'inkongi. Ibigo byinshi bikoresha amarangi adashya. Ubugari bw'irangi rya mm 2 bushobora gutinza ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Igisenge gishobora gukoresha ubushyuhe budashya.

Imiterere y'icyuma yemerera ahantu horoshye. Imiterere y'imbere iguma ifunguye. Abakozi bimura imashini badakuyeho inkuta. Inganda nyinshi zivugurura imiterere y'umusaruro buri mwaka. Inyubako z'icyuma zishyigikira izi mpinduka ku buryo bworoshye.

Sisitemu y'igisenge n'inkuta

Inyubako y'uruganda rw'icyuma ikoresha sisitemu ikomeye y'igisenge. Igisenge kirimo purlines, insulation, n'amabati. Ibisenge byinshi bikoresha purlines za C cyangwa Z ziri hagati ya metero 1.2 na metero 1.5. Amabati ya corrugated atwikira hejuru. Ubunini bw'amabati akenshi buba hagati ya mm 0.45 na mm 0.6.

Inyubako nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwo gukingira ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bya PU bya mm 50 bigabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 30%. Ibyuma bya mm 75 bigabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 40%. Ubyuma bikingira abakozi n'imashini.

Imiterere y'ibisenge iratandukanye. Ibimera byinshi bikoresha imiterere kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 15%. Imiterere y'imiterere itwara amazi y'imvura vuba. Imiyoboro n'imiyoboro yo hasi bishyigikira imiyoboro y'amazi. Umuyoboro usanzwe utwara litiro 20 kugeza kuri 40 ku isegonda.

Sisitemu zo ku nkuta zikoresha amabati y'icyuma cyangwa amabati ya sandwich. Inkuta nyinshi zikoresha amabati y'icyuma afite ubugari bwa mm 0.45. Amabati yashyizwemo ubushyuhe yongera ingufu. Amabati ya PU agera kuri 0.022 W/m·K. Amabati ya PIR atanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inkongi neza.

Sisitemu yo ku rukuta irimo kandi imigozi y'icyuma. Intera isanzwe ni metero 1.5 kugeza kuri metero 2.0. Amadirishya n'amadirishya binoza umwuka uhumeka. Izi sisitemu zitanga umwuka mwiza ku mashini n'abakozi.

Imiterere y'imbere n'uturere tw'imikorere

Inyubako y'uruganda rw'icyuma ifasha imirimo myinshi. Imiterere y'imbere iterwa n'ibikenewe mu musaruro. Inganda nyinshi zirimo imiyoboro y'umusaruro, ububiko, ibiro, n'ahantu ho gupakira ibicuruzwa.

Ubuso bw'umusaruro akenshi bufata 50% kugeza kuri 70% by'ubuso. Uruganda ruto rushobora gukoresha metero kare 2.000. Inyubako nini ishobora kugera kuri metero kare 20.000. Imiterere y'ubuso busobanutse ifasha gushyira imashini mu bubiko. Ahantu ho kubika ibikoresho hakoresha udukingirizo two kubika ibikoresho. Uburebure bwa metero kare burahera kuri metero 4 kugeza kuri metero 10. Imashini zitwara imizigo zigenda mu nzira nini. Inzira nyinshi zigera kuri metero 3 kugeza kuri metero 4.

Ubusanzwe ibiro bikorera hagati ya 5% na 10% by'inyubako. Ibiro bikoresha inkuta zo kugabanyamo ibice n'amagorofa azamutse. Ahantu ho gupakira imizigo harimo aho gupakira n'aho gupakira. Ahantu henshi ho gupakira imizigo hashyigikira amakamyo agera kuri toni 20. Uburebure busanzwe bwo gupakira imizigo ni metero 1.2.

Inyubako z'inganda z'ibyuma nazo zishyigikira ibyuma binini. Ibinini byo hejuru bipima toni 5 kugeza kuri toni 50. Ibinini binini bishobora gukoresha ibyuma binini bigera kuri toni 100. Imiterere y'imbere iguma yoroshye kugira ngo byaguke.

Ibyiza by'inyubako y'uruganda rw'ibyuma

Inyubako y'uruganda rw'icyuma itanga ibyiza byinshi.

Akamaro ka mbere ni umuvuduko. Abakozi bashyiraho amafuremu vuba. Uruganda rufite metero kare 5,000 rushobora kurangira mu minsi 45.

Inyungu ya kabiri ni ukugabanya amafaranga. Inyubako z'ibyuma zigabanya ikiguzi cy'ifatizo. Inyubako kandi igabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyisana ho 20%.

Inyungu ya gatatu ni imbaraga. Inkingi z'icyuma zihanganira imitwaro iremereye. Inyubako nyinshi zirwanya imiyaga iri hagati ya kilometero 100 n'isaha kugeza kilometero 150 n'isaha.

Inyungu ya kane ni ubworoherane. Ibigo byaguka byoroshye. Abakozi bongeraho uburebure cyangwa bakongera uburebure. Uruganda rushobora gukura kuva kuri metero 30 kugeza kuri metero 60 mu ntambwe zoroshye.

Inyungu ya gatanu ni ukuzigama ingufu. Utwuma dushyushye tugabanya ubushyuhe. Utwuma dushyushye twa mm 75 tuzigama ingufu zigera kuri 20% buri mwaka.

Inyungu ya gatandatu ni igihe kirekire cyo gukora. Inyubako nyinshi zikora imyaka 40 kugeza kuri 50.

Izi nyungu zishyigikira inganda, ibigo bishinzwe ibikoresho, amahugurwa, n'inganda zikomeye.