Utwuma twa Sandwich dushyirwamo amashanyarazi: Ishingiro ry'inyubako zigezweho

Inyubako zigezweho zikeneye ibikoresho bizigama ingufu kandi bigakomeza gukomera no gukingirapaneli za sandwichBihaza iki cyifuzo. Bihuza ubushyuhe, imiterere, n'igishushanyo mbonera muri sisitemu imwe. Abubatsi babukoresha mu bubiko, mu nganda no mu byumba bikonjesha.

Utu duce dukora neza mu bihe bitandukanye. Dukora ibahasha y'inyubako irambye kandi ikoresha ingufu nke. Uburyo bwazo bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe n'umutekano mu nkongi y'umuriro bituma tuba ingirakamaro mu mishinga igezweho.

Uruhare rw'udupira twa Sandwich dushyirwamo amashanyarazi

Buri gice cy'icyuma gishyushya gifite impapuro ebyiri z'icyuma zifite insinga y'ubushyuhe. Iyi nyubako igabanya ubushyuhe kandi ikagira uburambe bukabije.

Utwuma dupfundikiye dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi mu nyubako zigezweho. Inshingano yatwo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura ubushyuhe bw’imbere mu nyubako. Utwuma dupfundikira ubushyuhe tugabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’itumba n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe mu mpeshyi. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu gushyushya no gukonjesha. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko inyubako zikoresha utwuma dupfundikiye zishobora kuzigama 30% kugeza 50% by’ingufu ugereranije n’inkuta zisanzwe.

Nanone bigabanya urusaku. Inganda nyinshi n'amaduka menshi bisaba ahantu hatuje ho gukorera. Imiterere y'uru rusaku rw'urusaku iratuma amajwi arushaho kuba meza. Urusaku rwa polyurethane rwa mm 50 rushobora kugabanya urusaku ho 25 dB.

Urundi ruhare rw'ingenzi ni uburinzi. Ubuso bw'icyuma burwanya umuyaga, imvura, na ingese. Burinda ibikoresho bikingira kandi bugatuma sisitemu ikomeza guhindagurika. Urusobe rukomeye rw'inyuma rutuma ibipande bitwara imizigo iremereye. Ibi bibafasha kumara imyaka myinshi badakomeje kubungabungwa.

Mu bubiko bukonje n'ibyumba bisukuye, ibipimo bigumana ubushyuhe n'isuku bihoraho. Birinda ubushuhe n'ikura rya bagiteri binyuze mu buso bwabyo bworoshye kandi budafite imyenge. Impande hagati y'ibipimo ziba zikomeye, ibyo bigatuma umwuka ufunga neza.

Abubatsi bakoresha izi paneli kugira ngo bakore inyubako zikoresha ingufu nke, zoroshye kandi ziramba. Iyi sisitemu ihuza ubushyuhe, imiterere, n'ubwiza. Abubatsi bazigama igihe kuko paneli ziza zakozwe mbere zifite ingano zidahinduka. Buri gice gishobora gushyirwa vuba aho gikorera, bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cy'abakozi.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi

Utwuma twa sandwich dupfundikiye dufite imiterere myinshi igaragara. Utwuma twabyo dupfundikira ubushyuhe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Imbere hakunze gukoreshwa polyurethane (PU), polyisocyanurate (PIR), cyangwa ubwoya bw'amabuye. Buri gikoresho gitanga imikorere yihariye y'ubushyuhe.

Udupapuro twa PU dufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa 0.022 W/m·K, bivuze ko ari two dutuma ibintu bitagira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Udupira twa PIR dutanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro bwinshi kandi dufite ingufu zingana.

Utu duce dutanga kandi imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike. Uduce tw'icyuma dusangiye imizigo n'imbere, bigatuma habaho imiterere ihamye. Uduce twa PU dufite ubugari bwa mm 100 dushobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ugera kuri kPa 150. Ubu bunini butuma tuba dukwiye ku bisenge, inkuta, n'ibyumba bikonje.

Indi ngingo y'ingenzi ni ukwirinda umuriro. PIR n'imitsi y'ubwoya bw'amabuye bishobora kugera ku gipimo cy'umuriro cya B1 cyangwa icya A. Bitinda gukwirakwira kw'umuriro kandi bigagabanya umwotsi. Urugero, agace k'ubwoya bw'amabuye ka mm 75 gashobora kwirinda umuriro mu gihe kirenga iminota 60.

Kuramba kwazo biratangaje cyane. Amabati y'icyuma, akenshi akozwe mu byuma bya galvanised cyangwa bisizwe, arwanya ingese n'ubushuhe. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha irangi rya polyester cyangwa PVDF kugira ngo zongere igihe cyo kubaho ku buso kirenga imyaka 20.

Byongeye kandi, izi paneli zitanga ubwiza butandukanye. Ziza mu mabara atandukanye, imiterere, n'irangira. Ubuso bworoshye, bufite impande, cyangwa bukozwe mu buryo bunyuranye bushobora guhuza n'ibyo umuntu akunda mu miterere itandukanye.

Amaherezo, uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho byongera agaciro. Udupapuro tworoheje kandi tworoshye gufata. Abubatsi bakoresha udukoresho twihishe hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza kugira ngo bakore imirongo isukuye. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo kubaka kandi bigatuma irangira neza.

Kwita ku musaruro

Gukora ibyuma bishyushya ibyuma bisaba igenzura rikomeye. Buri cyiciro kigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ubwiza. Abakora ibikoresho batangirana n'amabati y'icyuma meza cyane. Icyuma kigomba kuba gifite irangi rikwiye rya zinc kugira ngo hirindwe ingese. Ubunini busanzwe buri hagati ya mm 0.4 na mm 0.8 bitewe n'imiterere.

Hakurikiraho gutunganya ubuso. Ubuso bw'icyuma bugomba kuguma busukuye kandi bwumutse mbere yo gusiga. Amavuta, umukungugu, cyangwa ingese bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gufatana. Igitambaro cyiza cyane, nka PVDF cyangwa polyester, cyongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere.

Urufatiro rw'ubushyuhe rusaba uburyo bunoze bwo gukora ibikoresho. Kuri PU na PIR, ikigereranyo cya chimique n'ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Ndetse n'ikosa rito rishobora kugabanya ubucucike bw'ifuro cyangwa rigatera icyuho. Udupira tw'ubwoya bw'amabuye dukeneye icyerekezo gikwiye cya fibre n'ubucucike kugira ngo dukomeze gukora neza mu buryo burambye.

Mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu bihoraho, ifuro cyangwa ibikoresho by'ibanze bitera hagati y'amabati y'icyuma. Igikorwa gikeneye umuvuduko ukwiye no kugenzura umuvuduko. Kudashyiramo ingufu mu buryo bungana bishobora gutuma isano iri hagati y'imbere n'uruhu igabanuka. Imiterere igezweho ikoresha uburyo bwo gukora bukoresha ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko byikora kugira ngo bibe byiza kimwe.

Gufunga no gufunga impande nabyo bisaba kwitonda. Ingingo zigena ubushyuhe n'umwuka bifunganye. Icyuho gito gishobora gutera ubushyuhe no kuva. Abakora ibikoresho bakoresha imiyoboro y'ururimi n'imirongo cyangwa vis zihishe kugira ngo banoze gufunga.

Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge rirasoza igikorwa. Udupapuro dukorerwa ibizamini byo kureba ubugari, ubucucike, gufatana, imbaraga zo gupfukama, n’imyitwarire y’umuriro. Amakuru atuma ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw’igihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Gupfunyika neza no gutwara neza bikingira amapaneri mbere yo kuyashyiraho. Ingaruka za mekanike mu gihe cyo kuyatanga zishobora kwangiza impande cyangwa irangi. Bityo, amapaneri ashyirwa hamwe agapfunyikwaho agapira gakingira.

Ibitekerezo ku mushinga

Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Co., Ltdni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora sandwich panels mu Bushinwa. Isosiyete ya Dong`an ifite imishinga myinshi nyayo y’sandwich panels zishyushye. Iyi mishinga igaragaza imbaraga z’sandwich panels zishyushye.

Mu bubiko bw’ibikoresho bwubatswe muri Maleziya, injeniyeri bakoresheje ibisenge bya PIR bya mm 100 ku gisenge na mm 75 ku nkuta. Inyubako yagabanije ingufu ku kigero cya 45% ugereranije n’inkuta zisanzwe zishyushya. Ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu bwagumye buhamye muri ± 2 °C ndetse no ku zuba ryinshi.

Uruganda rubika ibintu bikonje muri Filipine rwakoresheje amapaneri ya PU ya mm 150 mu byumba bikonjesha. Ubushyuhe bw'imbere bwagumye kuri -25 °C, hakaba hari ihindagurika rya 3 °C gusa ku munsi. Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ryagabanutseho 30% nyuma yo gusimbuza amapaneri ashaje yo gushyushya.

Mu Burayi no mu Burusiya, amasafuriya y’ubwoya bw’amabuye akunzwe cyane mu nganda bitewe n’umutekano w’inkongi. Iduka rya metero kare 1,200 rikoresha amasafuriya y’ubwoya bw’amabuye ya mm 80 ryujuje ibipimo by’inkongi bya EN 13501 Class A. Ubudahangarwa bw’inkongi bwamaze iminota irenga 90 mu bizamini.

Abubatsi b'amazu bakoresha kandi izi paneli ku mazu akoresha ingufu nke. Inzu ntoya ikoreshwa mu kubaka ifite paneli za PU za mm 50 ishobora kugera ku gipimo cyo kohereza ubushyuhe (U-value) cya 0.38 W/m²·K. Uru rwego ruhuye n'amahame menshi y'inzu zidakoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Utwuma twa sandwich dushyirwamo ubushyuhe duhuza ubushyuhe, imbaraga, n'igishushanyo mbonera mu buryo bumwe bukora neza. Bifasha inyubako zigezweho kuzigama ingufu no kugumana uburambe. Bigaragaza inzira iringaniye hagati y'imikorere myiza, umutekano, n'igishushanyo mbonera kigezweho ku hazaza h'ubwubatsi. Uko inyubako zikomeza kwiyongera, utwuma twa sandwich dushyirwamo ubushyuhe turushaho kugira agaciro.