Uburyo bwo Kubaka Ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma

Ibikoresho bigezweho bishingiye ku muvuduko, ubunini, no kwizerwa,imiterere y'icyumaUbubiko bw'ibikoresho buhura n'ibi byifuzo binyuze mu mbaraga, ubworoherane, no kubaka neza. Ugereranyije n'inyubako za sima zikomejwe, ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'ibyuma busanzwe bugabanya igihe cyo kubaka ho 30-40 ku ijana kandi bugatanga uburebure buri hagati ya metero 24 na 36. Kugira ngo bagere kuri izi nyungu, abakora ubucuruzi bagomba gukurikiza inzira ihamye ihuza ibisabwa mu igenamigambi, ubwubatsi, n'imikorere.

Igenamigambi n'Igishushanyo mbonera cy'Ububiko bw'Ibyuma by'Inzu

Guteza imbere ububiko bw'ibyuma bitangirira ku igenamigambi ry'imikorere rishingiye ku busabe bw'ibikoresho. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagena ingano y'ububiko, ingano ya palati, uburebure bwa rakingi, n'uburyo imodoka zigenda. Ibigega bigezweho bya logistique akenshi bisaba uburebure busobanutse bwa metero 9 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo bishyigikire sisitemu zo gupakira ibyuma birebire. Intera iri hagati y'inkingi akenshi iri hagati ya metero 8 na 10, ibyo bikaba bituma habaho kugenda neza kwa forklift no gutegura neza imiterere.

Injeniyeri mu by'ubwubatsi bahitamo sisitemu z'ibyuma zijyanye n'ibi bisabwa. Inyubako z'urukuta rw'inyuma zijyanye n'ububiko bw'igorofa imwe bufite uburebure bwa metero 36, mu gihe imiterere ikomeye y'urukuta rw'impande nyinshi ishyigikira inzira nini zirenga metero kare 20.000. Abashushanya imitwaro yapfuye, imizigo mizima, umuvuduko w'umuyaga, n'imbaraga za sisme bakoresheje amategeko yo mu gace. Urugero, imitwaro ihoraho yo ku gisenge akenshi iba hagati ya 0.3 na 0.5 kN kuri metero kare, bitewe n'ikirere.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'urufatiro gishingira ku bushobozi bwo gutwara ubutaka, ubusanzwe buri hagati ya kPa 100 na 200 ku nganda. Injeniyeri zihuza imiterere y'urufatiro n'inkingi z'icyuma kugira ngo zishyireho neza. Muri iki cyiciro, amatsinda ateganya kandi kwagura uturere, kubera ko abakora ibikoresho benshi bongera ubushobozi mu myaka itanu kugeza ku icumi. Ibikoresho byo kwerekana ibishushanyo mbonera by'ikoranabuhanga binoza imikoranire kandi bigabanya imirimo yo kuvugurura mbere yuko imirimo itangira.

Birumvikana ko imiterere y’umushinga cyangwa gushyiraho imiterere y’inyubako n’ishami ry’umujyi rishinzwe imiterere y’inyubako nabyo bigira ingaruka ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako. Ku bw’ubwiza, inyubako zimwe na zimwe zizasabwa gushushanya imiyoboro y’imvura ihishe. Ibi bisaba ko abahanga mu by’imashini bongeramo ibikoresho bitagira amazi mu gihe bashushanya igisenge.

Ubuhanga n'ubwubatsi bw'aho hantu

Nyuma yo kurangiza igishushanyo mbonera, gukora ibyuma bitangira mu nganda zihariye. Ingano z'ibyuma nk'izitwa Q355 cyangwa ASTM A572 zitanga umusaruro ukomeye wa 345 MPa, ibyo bigatuma umutwaro udakomera bihagije iyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byiza. Ibikoresho byo gukata no gucukura bya CNC bitanga ubuziranenge bwa milimetero, bikongera ireme ry'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu mu gihe cyo guteranya.

Umusaruro w’inganda ugabanya cyane gahunda. Ubusanzwe ububiko buciriritse bwa metero kare 10.000 bukenera toni 800 kugeza ku 1.000 z’ibyuma, ababikora bashobora kurangiza mu byumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu. Gutunganya ibyuma, harimo no gusiga ibyuma bitwikiriye cyangwa gusiga epoxy, birinda ibyuma kwangirika kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubikoresha kirenga imyaka 25.

Kubaka aho hantu bikomeza mu buryo bwumvikana. Abakozi babanza kuzuza ishingiro rya beto no kugenzura ubushobozi bwo gupima imigozi y'icyuma, akenshi bigatuma intera iri munsi ya milimetero 5. Amatsinda ya crane ashyiraho inkingi n'imigozi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho purlin na bracing. Itsinda ry'abahanga rishobora gushyiraho toni 80 kugeza 120 z'ibyuma ku munsi mu bihe bisanzwe.

Nyuma y’aho inkingi z’ingenzi zihagarara, abakozi bashyiraho ibisenge n’inkuta. Ibisenge bifite ubugari bwa milimetero 50 kugeza 100 bitanga ubushyuhe n’uburinzi ku gihe. Gushyira mu byiciro neza bituma urugo rurangira mu byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bitatu, bigatuma imirimo yo mu nzu itangira hakiri kare.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo guhuza ibice by'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma buzagira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwubatsi. Urugero, Harbin Dongan Building Sheets Company muri rusange ikoresha imiyoboro ifatanye mu byuma iyo ishushanya ibice by'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma ku bakiriya. Ibi bigabanya cyane ibisabwa mu buhanga ku bakozi b'ubwubatsi aho bakorera, kandi bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ubukungu n'igihe cyo kubaka.

Iyo inyubako imaze kuzura, amatsinda yibanda ku buryo bw'imikorere bugena imikorere y'ububiko. Amasafuriya yo hasi yitabwaho cyane, kubera ko hasi hagomba kuba hafite uburemere bwa toni 5 kugeza kuri 8 kuri metero kare. Ahantu hanini ho hasi ha sima horoshya uburyo imodoka ziyoborwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bigagabanya ubusaza bw'ibikoresho.