Icyumba gikonjesha kirinda ibiryo, imiti, cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'inganda hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke buhamye. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha ibi byumba kuko zikenera uburyo buhamye bwo kubibika. Icyumba gikonjesha cyakozwe neza gifasha amasosiyete kugabanya igihombo no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Kinafasha imikorere y'igihe kirekire kuko gikomeza ikiguzi cy'ingufu gihamye.
Imiterere y'icyumba cyo gushyiramo firigo
Icyumba gikonjesha gikoresha igishishwa gikonjesha n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo gifate ubushyuhe buri hasi. Ibyumba byinshi bihangana n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -18°C na -35°C, bitewe n'ibikenewe mu gicuruzwa. Inyubako irimo inkuta, igisenge, hasi, n'umuryango. Buri gice gishyiraho umwanya ufunze ufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukonjesha. Icyumba gito gikonjesha gisanzwe gifite metero 3 × 4 m × 2.5 m. Ibyumba binini bishobora kugera kuri metero 20 cyangwa zirenga.
Itsindaamapaneri ashyushyerema igice cy'ingenzi. Utu duce dufatanye kandi tugakora umurongo ukomeye. Inyubako nziza igabanya igihombo cy'ubushyuhe kugeza kuri 30%. Urukuta rw'icyuma rushyigikira imitwaro iremereye iyo ingano y'icyumba ikura. Abashushanya benshi bakoresha imitako yo gushimangira iyo uburebure burenze metero 8. Inyubako igomba kandi guhangana n'ibihe by'ubushyuhe bya buri munsi.
Inyubako y'ubutaka itwara amapaleti aremereye. Hari amapaleti atwara imizigo igera kuri kg 3000 kuri metero kare. Inzitizi y'umwuka irinda hasi ubushuhe. Iyo nta nzitizi y'umwuka ihari, hasi ishobora gukonja imbere. Igishushanyo cyiza gituma hasi yumuka kandi ihamye imyaka myinshi.
Amatara na yo ni igice cy’inyubako. Amatara ya LED agabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 40% ugereranije n’amatara ashaje. Injeniyeri zishyira amatara ahantu hatekanye kugira ngo hirindwe ko urubura rwiyongera. Inyubako ihuza n’imiyoboro y’amazi iyobora amazi mu cyumba.
Ibikoresho
Ibyumba bikonjeshaKoresha ibikoresho birwanya ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe. Abubaka benshi bahitamo PU, PIR cyangwa panneaux oil. PU panneaux zitanga ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 0.024 W/m·K. PIR na panneaux oil zitanga ubushyuhe bw'umuriro bukenewe n'abakiriya benshi. Ubunini bw'panneaux buri hagati ya mm 100 na mm 250 bitewe n'ubushyuhe.
Amabati y'icyuma atwikira impande zombi z'ibipande. Inganda nyinshi zikoresha amabati y'icyuma kuva kuri 0.4mm kugeza kuri 0.8mm kugira ngo zirambe. Ibyuma bya galvanizi birwanya ingese kurusha ibyuma bisanzwe. Ibyuma bitangiza ingese bikora neza mu byumba byo mu mazi cyangwa mu byumba by'imiti kuko birwanya umunyu n'imiti. Amabati ya aluminium agaragara mu byumba bito aho uburemere bworoheje ari ngombwa.
Ahantu hasi hakoreshwa ibikoresho bifite ubucucike bwinshi. Abubatsi benshi bahitamo ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma bya mm 1.5 cyangwa aluminium ya mm 2.0. Aya masahani atwara imizigo iremereye kandi akarwanya impanuka. Munsi y'amasahani, ifuro rikingira ubushyuhe. Ahantu henshi harimo ifuro rikingira ibyuma rya mm 150.
Inzugi zikoresha ifuro ryinshi rikingira umuriro n'amapine akomeye. Urugi rusanzwe rukoresha 100 mm PU insulation hamwe n'icyuma gikingira 1.2 mm. Ibishyushya inzugi birinda ubukonje ku nkengero. Ibishyushya bikoresha hafi 20 W kuri metero. Gasket ikoresha rubber yoroshye iguma yoroshye kuri -40°C.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoresha imiyoboro y'umuringa kuko umuringa wohereza ubushyuhe neza. Ubunini bw'imiyoboro akenshi bugera kuri mm 0.7 cyangwa mm 0.9. Amababa ya aluminiyumu afasha icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 25%. Igikoresho gikonjesha gikoresha amafuremu y'icyuma n'imigozi y'umuringa. Ibikoresho bikonjesha nka R404A cyangwa R448A biboneka mu byumba byinshi bigezweho.
Ibice Bikuru
Icyumba cyo gukonjesha kirimo amapane, inzugi, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, uburyo bwo kugenzura, amatara, n'ibikoresho by'umutekano. Buri gice gishyigikira imikorere ihamye. Amapanemu akora ibahasha ifunze. Amapane asanzwe apima ibiro 10 kugeza kuri 12 kuri metero kare. Sisitemu yo gufunga ifata amapanemu neza.
Urugi ni rwo rugize aho kwinjira by'ingenzi bihurira. Inzugi zinyerera zibereye ibyumba binini bifite imodoka zitwara abantu. Inzugi zifite imigozi zibereye ibyumba bito. Urugi runyerera rushobora kugera kuri metero 2 × 2.2. Inzugi zifite imigozi akenshi ziba ntoya kurusha metero 1 × 2. Igishyushya gikingira ubukonje ku nkengero.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha irimo agakoresho ko gukonjesha, evaporator, n'imiyoboro y'umuringa. Icyumba gikonjesha cya metero 10 gishobora gukenera compressor ya 2 HP kugeza kuri 3 HP. Icyumba cya metero 100 gishobora gukenera 8 HP cyangwa irenga. Evaporator ihuha umwuka ukonje mu cyumba cyose. Ubunini bw'umwuka akenshi bugera kuri 1500 m³ ku isaha mu byumba bito.
Akanama gashinzwe kugenzura gacunga ubushyuhe, gushonga, ibirango, n'umuvuduko w'umufana. Sisitemu nyinshi zibika ubushyuhe muri ± 1°C. Akanama kandi kerekana amakuru mu gihe nyacyo. Ibikoresho byiza byo kugenzura bimenya impinduka mu masegonda 30.
Amatara afasha mu rugendo rutekanye. Icyumba gito gishobora gukoresha amatara abiri ya LED ya wati 20 buri kimwe. Icyumba kinini gishobora gukoresha amatara umunani cyangwa arenga. Ibikoresho by'umutekano birimo udukingirizo two guhungiramo n'utubuto two kumenyesha. Ibi bice birinda abantu gufungwa mu buryo butunguranye.
Ibyiza
Icyumba cyo muri firigo gitanga ububiko buhamye no kugenzura ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire. Ibigo byinshi bigabanya imyanda kugeza kuri 40% hamwe n'icyumba cyiza cyo muri firigo. Ubushyuhe buke budahindagurika burinda ireme ry'ibiribwa. Inyama n'ibikomoka ku mafi biguma ari bishya igihe kirekire. Imiti n'inkingo nabyo bisaba ubushyuhe buke budahindagurika.
Kuzigama ingufu ni inyungu ikomeye. Gushyira ingufu neza bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 20% kugeza kuri 40%. Amatara ya LED agabanya umutwaro w'ubushyuhe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Compressor zigezweho zinoza imikorere myiza ku kigero cya 10% ugereranije n'iza kera. Urugi rufunze neza rugabanya igihombo cy'umwuka ukonje ku kigero cya 15%.
Guhindura imiterere y'inzu nabyo ni ingenzi. Abubatsi bashobora guhindura ingano kuva kuri metero 5 kugeza kuri metero 5000. Ubugari bw'aho hantu buhurira nabwo buhinduka bitewe n'ibikenewe. Amasosiyete menshi yongeraho insinga zishyushya hasi kugira ngo hirindwe ko urubura rwiyongera. Izi nsinga zikoresha hagati ya wati 150 na wati 200 bitewe n'ingano y'aho hasi.
Ibyumba bikonjesha nabyo bifasha mu gushyiraho modular. Abakozi bashobora kubaka icyumba cya metero 20 ku munsi umwe. Ibyumba binini bifata iminsi myinshi. Igishushanyo mbonera cya modular kigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka mu nganda zihuze. Ibigo bishobora kongeramo ibice nyuma igihe ubucuruzi bukura.
Kuramba byongera agaciro. Udupapuro twa PU dushobora kumara imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20. Udupapuro twa PIR dushobora kumara igihe kirekire kurushaho. Ubuso bw'icyuma kidakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda burwanya ingese imyaka myinshi. Imashini nziza yo gushyushya ibintu ishobora kumara imyaka irenga umunani iyo isanzwe ibungabungwa.
Umutekano utuma akazi karushaho kuba keza. Utwuma dupima imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe vuba. Sisitemu z'ubutabazi zirinda abakozi bari imbere mu cyumba. Amatara meza agabanya impanuka. Umuyaga utembera neza kandi urinda ubushuhe kwiyongera.
Ingingo zo Gushushanya
Injeniyeri ziga ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'umutwaro wa buri munsi. Icyumba gikonjesha cyo gushyiramo inyama gikenera hafi -20°C. Icyumba cyo gukingira gishobora gukenera -35°C. Abashushanya bahitamo ubugari bw'urupapuro bashingiye kuri iyi mibare.
Umuyaga utembera neza ni ingenzi kuko ubushyuhe budahuje bushobora kwangiza ibicuruzwa. Injeniyeri zihitamo imashini zitwara umwuka uhagije. Icyumba cya metero 20 gishobora gukenera umwuka wa metero 1500 ku isaha. Icyumba cya metero 500 gishobora gukenera umwuka wa metero 10.000 ku isaha. Umuyaga ugomba kugera mu mfuruka zose.
Aho inzugi ziherereye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza. Abashushanya inzugi birinda ahantu hahurira n'ibishyushya. Inzugi zikunze gukenera ibyuma bishyushya kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje. Urukuta rwiza rurinda abakozi gufungwa.
Amatara nayo akeneye gushushanya neza. Gushyira urumuri bigomba kwirinda ahantu hashyuha. Amatara ya LED agabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 30% ugereranije n'amatara ashaje. Abashushanya bashyira amatara ku dupfunyika dukomeye kugira ngo byoroshye kuyasukura.
Imiyoboro y'amazi iyobora amazi gushonga mu cyumba. Imiyoboro myiza y'amazi ikoresha imiyoboro ifite ubuhaname bwa 2%. Umuyoboro ugomba kwirinda gukonja. Hari imiyoboro ikoresha agapapuro gashyushya kugira ngo imiyoboro ikomeze kuba myiza.
Amaherezo, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gutekereza ku kwagura mu gihe kizaza. Abakiriya benshi bongeraho ahantu ho kubika ibintu uko igihe kigenda gihita. Imiterere ya modular ifasha amakipe kongeramo ibyumba bishya kandi nta mwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2025