Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'uruganda rw'ibyuma

Kubakaimiterere y'icyumaUruganda rugira urusobe rw'ibyemezo by'imari. Ibintu byinshi bigena igiciro cya nyuma cy'umushinga w'ubwubatsi. Ibintu nk'uburebure, igihe, n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara bigira uruhare runini. Byongeye kandi, gukenera imashini ziremereye nka cranes bihindura cyane ingengo y'imari. Gusobanukirwa ibi bice bifasha abakora umushinga gucunga ishoramari ryabo neza.

Impinduka mu mikoreshereze y'ibyuma mu nganda zitunganya ibyuma

Ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma ni ryo rituma ibiciro by'ubwubatsi bigabanuka. Gahunda zitandukanye zo gushushanya zishobora gutuma ibiciro bihindagurika kuva kuri 8% kugeza kuri 20% hashingiwe ku bunini bw'icyuma gusa. Ku nyubako isanzwe ya metero kare 20.000, amahame y'inganda agaragaza ko uburebure bw'umurambararo bugomba kuba hagati ya metero 8 na 12. Izi nyubako akenshi zifite uburebure bwa metero 24 na 30. Uruganda rusanzwe rudafite ibikoresho bya crane rukoresha uburebure bwa metero 24. Iyi nyubako isaba ibiro 22 kugeza kuri 25 by'icyuma kuri metero kare. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburemere bw'icyuma bushobora kuba hagati ya toni 440 na 500.

Inganda ziciriritse akenshi zikenera imiyoboro ya toni 5 kugeza ku 10. Izi nyubako akenshi zongera uburebure bwazo kugeza kuri metero 30. Kugira ngo zikore iyo mirimo myinshi, ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma ryiyongeraho nibura 15% kugeza 20% kuri metero kare. Iyo mishinga isaba toni 500 kugeza kuri 600 z'ibyuma.

Inganda nk'iz'ibyuma cyangwa ubwubatsi bw'amato zikeneye inkunga ikomeye kurushaho. Zikeneye ibyuma birenza toni 20. Izi nganda zikora akazi katoroshye akenshi ziba ndende kurenza metero 12. Zikoresha imiterere minini kandi idafite inkingi kugira ngo zibone umwanya munini. Iki cyiciro gifite ubucucike bw'icyuma bwinshi cyane. Ikoreshwa ry'icyuma cyose muri iyi mishinga minini rishobora kugera kuri toni 700 kugeza kuri 900.

Amafaranga y'ingenzi y'inyongera ku ruganda rw'ibyuma

Ibikoresho by'icyuma bigize 35% kugeza 50% gusa by'ikiguzi cyose cy'umushinga. Sisitemu zo gukingira inkuta n'ibisenge nazo ni ingenzi cyane. Akenshi zigira 20% kugeza 30% by'ingengo y'imari. Abubatsi benshi bahitamo amasafuriya y'icyuma afite ibara rimwe gusa yo gusakara. Ku nkuta, amasafuriya ya polyurethane atanga ubushyuhe bwiza. Niba amategeko y'umutekano yo mu gace runaka akomeye, abubatsi bashobora gukoresha amasafuriya ya sandwich y'ubwoya bw'amabuye. Ibi bikoresho birushaho kunoza ubukana bw'inkongi y'umuriro.

Kwangirika ni umwanzi w’inyubako z’ibyuma. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese ni ingenzi kugira ngo inyubako zirambe. Ubu buryo busanzwe butwara hafi 10% by’ingengo y’imari yose. Irangi risanzwe ryo kurwanya ingese rikora neza mu nganda zisanzwe. Ariko, imishinga yo mu turere two ku nkombe z’inyanja cyangwa mu turere dushyuha ihura n’ubushuhe bwinshi. Muri ibi bihe, abakozi bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo bwongera ikiguzi ariko burinda kwangirika kw’inyubako igihe kirekire.

Amafaranga y’igishushanyo mbonera n’imicungire akoresha andi mafaranga ari hagati ya 20% na 30% by’amafaranga. Iki cyiciro kirimo amafaranga y’igishushanyo mbonera, ubugenzuzi, n’ibizamini byihariye. Amafaranga y’abakozi ku ikipe y’ubwubatsi ni yo agize igice kinini cy’iki gice. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu aho abakozi b’abahanga bahembwa imishahara myinshi. Inganda zihariye nazo zishyiraho ibisabwa byihariye. Inganda zikora imiti cyangwa imashini zikora neza zikenera ibyumba bisukuye. Inganda zikora imiti cyangwa imyenda zikenera ahantu ho gukorera hadatwikwa. Izi nyongera zidasanzwe zirushaho kongera umutwaro w’amafaranga.

Kugenzura Ibiciro Binyuze mu Bakora Ingufu

Kubona uruganda rwizewe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'amafaranga. Inganda zikomeye zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza umutungo. Zishobora guhaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye byo kugura ibintu mu buryo bumwe. Izi sosiyete zikoresha amakipe y'abahanga mu gushushanya akoresha ibikoresho bigezweho. Urugero, Gushushanya Amakuru y'Ibwubatsi (BIM) bifasha mu kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho. Bigabanya imyanda kandi bigatuma buri giti cyose gikwira neza.

Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora butuma abakora ibikoresho bashobora kugenzura ubuziranenge n'ingengabihe yo gutanga. Ibi bigabanya igihe kandi birinda gutinda gutakaza igihe ku kazi. Amwe mu masosiyete ahanga udushya, nka Harbin Dongan Building Sheets Company, yibanda ku buryo bugezweho. Bakoresha ibikoresho bifunganye aho gukoresha bolt aho gukoresha uburyo bugoye bwo gusudira. Iyi ngamba igabanya imbogamizi za tekiniki ku bakozi b'ubwubatsi. Binatuma imirimo yo guteranya yihuta cyane. Guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ufite ubu buhanga bituma inyubako iba nziza ku giciro gikwiye.