Guhindura uruganda ububiko bukonje

Guhindura uruganda ububiko bukonje bisa nkaho byoroshye ku mpapuro - shyiramo inyubako ishaje, shyiramo ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, ongeramo ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, hanyuma uba urangije.

Mu by’ukuri, imishinga myinshi ntitsindwa kubera ko yashyizwe muri firigo. Iratsindwa mbere cyane - mu byemezo by’imiterere n’iby’ubushyuhe byafatwaga nk’ibisanzwe mu ntangiriro.

Amakipe menshi avumbura gusa ibi bibazo hagati mu mushinga, iyo kubikemura bihenze kandi bigatera imvururu.

Gukomeza Inyubako ni byo biza ku mwanya wa mbere

Inyubako za kera z’uruganda zakozwe ku buryo butandukanye cyane n’uko zikora. Ububiko bukonje butanga imizigo mishya, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’ibisabwa mu gihe kirekire. Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’inyubako rikwiye rigomba kuza mbere ya byose.

Ubusanzwe ubushobozi bwo gutwika igisenge ni bwo bwa mbere bugomba kuba imbogamizi. Ibisenge bimanitse, sisitemu zo gushyushya, n'imiyoboro yo gukonjesha byose byongera umutwaro ukabije. Inganda nyinshi za kera ntizigeze zikorerwa ibi. Gukomeza imiterere y'igisenge - cyangwa kuvugurura sisitemu yo guhagarara - akenshi biba ari ngombwa kwirinda.

Imikorere y’ubutaka ni ikindi kintu gikunze kugaragara mu buryo butari bwo. Imashini zikora mu bushyuhe buke zitera imitwaro myinshi, mu gihe ubushyuhe bugabanuka byongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Iyo hatabayeho inzitizi zikwiye zo gushyuha no gucika kw’ubushyuhe munsi y’inyubako zirinda ubushyuhe, ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw’ubutaka kiba ikibazo cy’igihe kirekire aho kuba ikibazo cy’ingoboka rimwe gusa.

Imibanire hagati y'inkingi n'inkuta nayo ikeneye gusuzumwa neza. Guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe - kwaguka no kwihuta kenshi - buhoro buhoro bituma ingingo zitari zaragenewe ahantu hakonje. Gukemura iki kibazo hakiri kare birashoboka. Kugikosora nyuma yo gutangira gukoreshwa ntabwo ari byo.

Mu mushinga umwe w’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bikonje twashyigikiye i Harbin, isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ibikoresho ryari intambwe y’ingenzi mbere yo gushyiraho igice cy’ibikoresho. Iki kigo, cyakozwe n’ikigo gikomeye cy’Abashinwa gishinzwe uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bikonje, nticyasabaga gusa imikorere myiza yo gukingira ibyuma, ahubwo cyasabaga no kuba ingirakamaro mu gihe kirekire mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe buke.

Guhuza hakiri kare imiterere y’inyubako n’igenamigambi ry’ubushyuhe byafashije kwirinda impinduka zabaye mu cyiciro cya nyuma - isoko rusange y’ibiciro birenga mu mishinga yo guhindura inyubako.

Amategeko agenga imyubakire yo mu gace runaka ni ikindi kintu gikunze gusuzugurwa.Ibikoresho bikonjesha byo kubikamo ibintuzigomba gukurikizwa mu buryo butandukanye n’inyubako zisanzwe z’inganda. Kubona ibyangombwa bihuye hakiri kare bizigama igihe kandi bikarinda kongera kuvugurura imiterere yazo nyuma.

Gukingira ubushyuhe biragoye kurusha uko bigaragara

Iyo inyubako imaze kwemezwa, ubushyuhe buhinduka ikibazo gikomeye gikurikiraho - kandi aho imishinga myinshi igenda nabi bucece.

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni ugufata ubushyuhe nk'igisubizo cy'urwego rumwe. Mu by'ukuri, ibahasha ikwiye yo kubikamo ibintu bikonje irimo uruzitiro rw'umwuka, uduce dukingira ubushyuhe, n'ubuso bw'imbere bugenewe guhangana n'ubushuhe, isuku n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Kubura cyangwa kudasobanura neza kimwe muri ibi bice by'ingenzi bitera guhumeka - ndetse uko igihe kigenda gihita, bikangiza imiterere y'ibice. Gusesengura neza imiterere y'ubushyuhe bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu mu gihe kirekire ho 15-20%.

Guhitamo amapaneli bigira uruhare runini kurusha uko benshi babitekerezaga. Mu mushinga wa Harbin wavuzwe haruguru, amapaneli yo kubikamo ibintu bikonjesha ya PU afite ubuso bwa metero kare zirenga 20.000 yakoreshejwe kugira ngo habeho imikorere ihamye y'ubushyuhe mu nyubako nini. Ubucucike bw'amapaneli, imiterere y'amapaneli, n'ubwiza bw'aho ashyirwa byose ntibyagize uruhare mu gutuma ibintu bishyuha neza gusa, ahubwo byanagize uruhare mu kuramba igihe kirekire.

Ibice bihuriramo ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi. Guhuza ubushyuhe bikunze kubaho hagati y'urukuta n'urukuta no hagati y'igisenge. Utu duce dukenera gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi burambuye, atari ugufata gusa.

Sisitemu z'inzugi nazo ni ingenzi. Gufungura kenshi bituma habaho ihererekanya ry'ubushyuhe rihoraho. Iyo hatabayeho sisitemu zikwiye z'amadirishya n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, inzugi zihita ziba ahantu hakomeye ho gutakaza ingufu.

Imiterere ya firigo nayo igomba guhuzwa hakiri kare. Gushyira ibyuma bishyushya, inzira yo gusohora amazi, n'amashanyarazi yinjira byose bifitanye isano na sisitemu y'ibice. Kubihindura nyuma yo kubishyiraho akenshi bibangamira ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe.

Ibi bintu byose birahujwe. Impinduka mu bugari bw'urubaho zigira ingaruka ku buryo inzugi zikoreshwa. Impinduka mu miterere y'ibikoresho zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'urukuta rw'umwuka. Gushyira hamwe hakiri kare si akazi k'inyongera - ni byo bibuza kongera gukora.

Niba uri gukora ku mushinga wo guhindura ibintu kandi ukaba ushaka kongera kureba imiterere yawe cyangwa uburyo bwo gukingira, akenshi birakwiye gusuzuma ibisobanuro birambuye mbere yo gukomeza.