Ikigega cy'amakara gikeneye inkunga ikomeye n'uburinzi buhoraho. Ahantu henshi hahura n'umuyaga, imvura, ivumbi, n'ububiko bwinshi. Inyubako y'icyuma itanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza. Ikora ku buryo bunini kandi bunini. Inafasha mu gushyiraho vuba no gukoresha neza igihe kirekire.
Impamvu Imiterere y'Icyuma
Ikiraro cy'amakara kibika ibikoresho byinshi bifite ubucucike bwinshi. Ibiraro by'amakara bisaba umwanya munini kugira ngo byakire imashini nini zo gucukura cyangwa amakamyo. Inyubako igomba gutuma ibikoresho binini bikora. Icyuma gitanga imbaraga nyinshi n'imikorere iteganijwe. Umuringoti w'icyuma usanzwe wa Q355 utanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gutanga umusaruro. Ushyigikira uburebure bwa metero 20 kugeza kuri 80. Ubu burebure butanga umwanya usobanutse ku byuma bipakiye n'imikandara.
Inyubako y'icyumakandi ikora neza imitwaro ihindagurika. Imashini zigenda kandi zigahinda umushyitsi. Abakozi batwara amakamyo kandi bagahindura amakara. Ibi bikorwa bitera imbaraga zo gukubita.Amakaramu y'icyumaInjeniyeri zirwanya izi mbaraga zikoresheje uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ko ibintu bihinduka. Injeniyeri zirinda ko ibintu bihinduka munsi ya L/250 kugira ngo zirinde ibisenge.
Icyuma gishyigikira impinduka zoroshye mu miterere. Ahantu hashobora kongera ububiko ku kigero cya 30% mu myaka itatu. Sisitemu z'icyuma zemerera kwaguka kw'amaboliti. Amatsinda yongeraho amafuremu mashya cyangwa yongerera amakompanyi akoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza. Ubu buryo bushyigikira gahunda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe kirekire.
Ibyiza
Ibiraro by'amakara bisanzwe bikoresha amatafari na sima. Ibi bikoresho bikora inkuta nini n'ibisenge biremereye. Ibiraro bya sima bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kubitunganya. Buri shashi ikenera nibura iminsi 14 yo kubitunganya. Ikiraro cy'icyuma gikata cyane kuri iyi nshuro. Itsinda ryuzuza ikiraro cya metero 50 mu minsi 45. Sisitemu ya sima ishobora gufata iminsi 80.
Ibyuma kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ifatizo. Ifatizo ry'icyuma ripima munsi y'ifatizo rya sima. Bigabanya umutwaro upfa ku kigero cya 40% kugeza kuri 60%. Ifatizo ryoroheje rikenera inkingi nto. Ibi bigabanya hafi 15% by'ikiguzi cy'ifatizo ku ibati rya metero kare 2,000.
Guhumeka neza kandi birushaho kuba byiza iyo ukoresheje icyuma. Ibisenge by'icyuma bishyigikira imiyoboro yo ku gisenge n'ibisenge byo ku ruhande. Injeniyeri bongeramo imiyoboro yo ku gisenge buri metero 10. Ibi bigabanya ubushuhe kandi bikarinda ubuziranenge bw'amakara. Ibisenge bya sima bifite amahitamo make y'imiyoboro yo ku gisenge bitewe n'ibisenge biremereye.
Kubungabunga ibintu biroroshye. Inyubako z'icyuma zikoresha irangi rirwanya ingese. Inzu ifite irangi rya mikoroni 120 ikenera gusigwa irangi rimwe gusa buri myaka 8 kugeza ku 10. Inzu zikoreshwa muri sima zirasenyuka bitewe n'ubushyuhe kandi zikenera gusigwa buri myaka ibiri. Ibyuma bigabanya uru rugendo rurerure rwo gusana.
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gushushanya
Igishushanyo cyiza cyongera igihe cyo gukora muri shed. Abashushanya babanza kugenzura uburemere bw'umuyaga, uburemere bw'urubura, n'ingano ya za mutingito. Imibare y'umuyaga ishobora kugera kuri 0.5 kN/m² ahantu hacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro. Abahanga mu by'imashini bahitamo ibikoresho by'ibumba hashingiwe kuri iki gipimo. Ubuso bw'ibisenge akenshi buguma hagati ya 10° na 15°. Ubu buso bwunganira amazi y'imvura kandi bugabanya ukwiyongera kw'urubura.
Imiterere y'umutekano w'inkongi nayo ni ingenzi. Amakara ashobora gushyushya mu bubiko. Inzu ifite umwuka mubi ishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Injeniyeri zibara umwuka unyura buri metero 15 z'uburebure. Bashyiramo imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa amafeni ya mekanike niba umwuka unyura hasi. Sisitemu y'amafeni ifite ubushobozi bwa m³ 20.000/h ifasha umwuka guhumeka neza.
Kurwanya ingese bigira ingaruka ku gihe kirekire. Umukungugu w'amakara urimo sulfure. Icyuma gishobora kwangirika vuba muri iki gihe. Abashushanya bahitamo irangi riri hejuru ya C3 cyangwa C4. Uduce twa zinc twa mikoroni 80 kugeza 120 akenshi dukora neza. Mu birombe byo ku nkombe z'inyanja, abashushanya bahitamo amanota menshi.
Abashushanya kandi bateganya uburebure busobanutse. Imashini itwara imizigo ishobora gukenera metero 4.5 zo kunyuramo. Imashini zitwara imizigo zishobora gukenera metero 6. Inzu nyinshi zikoresha uburebure busobanutse bwa metero 8 kugeza kuri 12. Ubu burebure bushyigikira uburyo amakamyo agendamo n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ivumbi. Izi ndangagaciro zituma aho hantu hakorerwa ibintu neza kandi hatekanye.
Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda Kubaka
Amakipe y'ubwubatsi agomba gukurikiza amategeko menshi. Bagenzura buri gice cy'icyuma mbere yo guterura. Umugozi usanzwe upima ibiro 300 kugeza kuri 700. Abakozi bemeza aho imyobo y'umugozi iherereye n'ubugari bw'igipfundikizo cyo hejuru. Ingano isanzwe ni mikoroni 80 kugeza 120. Iyo igipfundikizo kiri munsi y'uru rugero, bongera gusiga igipfundikizo.
Amakipe kandi agenzura uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe cyo gushyiraho. Bakomeza kugabanya inkingi munsi ya mm 5. Banashyira ku murongo imigozi y'igisenge mbere yo gufunga bolts. Uburebure bwa metero 30 bugomba gutuma imigozi ingana. Imigozi idangana igira ingaruka ku bisenge no ku miyoboro y'amazi.
Ibisenge bikenera gufungwa neza. Ibisenge by'amakara bitera ivumbi n'ubushuhe. Igisenge cy'icyuma cya mm 0.5 gifite EPS cyangwa ubushyuhe bw'amabuye gikora neza. Amatsinda afunga ibisenge akoresheje kaseti ya butyl. Bashyira umurongo umwe kuri buri gice cy'ibisenge. Ibi bigabanya amazi kandi bigatuma amakara yumuka.
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ivumbi bisaba inkingi zo gushyigikira. Abashyiraho ibyuma bongeramo uduce duto buri metero 3 kugira ngo bafate imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura inkongi. Banagerageza ibikoresho byo kugenzura inkongi. Inzu ikunze gukoresha ibikoresho 15 kugeza kuri 25 bitewe n'ingano. Amatsinda kandi ashyiraho imiyoboro y'amazi hirya no hino mu nzu. Ivumbi ry'amakara rivanga n'amazi y'imvura. Imiyoboro myiza y'amazi irinda ishingiro.
Ibisabwa cyane ku bice
Muri iki gihe, imiterere y'icyuma ikunze gukoreshwa mu mazu y'amakara ifite ibisabwa byinshi mu gutunganya no gushyiraho ibice byayo.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese ku bice by'icyuma bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Ibi bigena neza imbaraga z'inyubako n'igihe izamara. Byongeye kandi, uburebure, ubugari n'aho imyobo y'ibice by'icyuma iherereye bigomba kuba byerekeza ku bishushanyo mbonera by'igishushanyo mbonera.
Amakosa mu burebure bw'ibice n'imyobo yo gushyiraho azatuma ibice binanirwa gushyirwaho neza. Gukosora aya makosa ntibizatwara igihe kinini gusa mu gihe cyo kubaka, ahubwo bishobora no guteza akaga gakomeye ku mutekano w'inyubako.
Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo ibikoresho by'icyuma byiza cyane n'inganda zikomeye. Urugero, Harbin Dongan Building Sheets Company, yakoze imishinga myinshi y'inyubako z'ibyuma, ifite itsinda rikomeye ry'abashushanya. Bashingiye ku bunararibonye bw'imyaka myinshi, bashobora gushushanya inyubako mu buryo bugamije inyungu hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ibi bishobora kwirinda ibibazo byinshi bitari ngombwa ku bakiriya.
Byongeye kandi, Dongan Company ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane. Uruganda rufite ibikoresho bigezweho nka za mashini zica laser na 3D CNC drills, bishobora kugabanya amakosa yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyirwaho neza.
Ikiraro cy'amakara cy'icyuma gitanga ubufasha bukomeye kandi gishyirwamo vuba. Kigabanya ikiguzi kandi kigatuma umwuka utembera neza. Gikwiranye n'ahantu hashya ho gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ndetse n'aho hashaje ho kuvugurura. Amakipe kandi afite uburyo bwo kwagura butuma ibintu birushaho kumera neza hamwe n'ibyuma.
Iyo hakozwe neza kandi hakubakwa neza, ikiraro cy'amakara cy'icyuma gikora neza imyaka myinshi. Kirinda ubuziranenge bw'amakara, ibikoresho, n'abakozi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-04-2025