Ugereranyije n'ibyumba bisanzwe bikonjesha ibiribwa, ibyumba bikonjesha ibiribwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki n'umutekano. Uretse kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buhamye, bigomba kwita ku gukumira guturika kw'ibiturika, kurwanya ingese, kurwanya amazi ava mu kirere, no kurengera ibidukikije mu buryo bukomeye. Uko inganda zihuriweho zikomeza gukura, ibyumba bikonjesha ibiribwa byabaye ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi ku miti myiza, ibikoresho bishya by'ingufu, n'umusaruro w'imiti hagati.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ahantu hakonje mu byumba bikoresha imiti
Ibyumba bikonjesha bya shimi bisaba imiterere ihambaye yo gushyiramo ibice bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bibitswe. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisaba urwego rw'ubushyuhe butandukanye, imiterere yo kubikamo, n'ingamba z'umutekano. Kugira ngo ibyo bisabwa bigerweho, ibyumba binini bikonjesha bya shimi akenshi biba bifite nibura uturere tubiri twigenga tw'ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho fatizo bidahinduka nk'amaresini, uduce twa pulasitiki, na emulsions akenshi biguma mu buryo buhamye ku bushyuhe buringaniye. Ibi bikoresho bikunze kubikwa mu duce turi hagati ya 0°C na 15°C. Ubu bushyuhe bubungabunga imiterere y'ibikoresho mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Agace ka kabiri k'ubushyuhe gakora hagati ya -18°C na 0°C. Aka gace gakunze kubika ibintu bishobora gushya bifite aho bibongerera ubushyuhe munsi ya 60°C, hamwe na peroxides organic. Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza bigabanya umuvuduko w'umwuka kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gushya. Gutandukanya neza n'utundi duce birushaho kongera umutekano.
Ibikoresho bifite agaciro gakomeye nka electrolytes, umunyu wa lithium, n'ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu buvuzi akenshi bisaba kongererwa ubukonje. Ibi bicuruzwa bibikwa mu duce dufite ubushyuhe buri hasi kuva kuri -30°C kugeza kuri -18°C. Ubushyuhe buke budahindagurika buzangiza ibidukikije kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubibika. Utwo duce akenshi tuba dufite uburyo bwo kubigenzura bunoze bitewe n'agaciro kanini k'ibicuruzwa bibitswe.
Ibisabwa mu mikorere ikomeye yo muri firigo
Ibyumba bikonjesha bifite imiti bisaba cyane uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Ibikoresho nk'ibintu bikomoka kuri biyoloji n'ibindi bikoresho bivura indwara byihanganira ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rito cyane. Ndetse no kugabanuka guto bishobora gutera igihombo kidasubirwaho cy'ubwiza.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ibyumba bikonjesha bikoresha imiti akenshi bikoresha sisitemu zo gukonjesha zifite amashami abiri. Buri cyuma gikora ku giti cyacyo kandi gitanga uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha. Izi sisitemu zigumana ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe muri ± 0.5°C mu bihe bisanzwe.
Ndetse no mu gihe cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi ritunguranye, sisitemu ishobora kugenzura ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe muri dogere selisiyusi 2 nibura mu gihe cy’amasaha abiri. Ubu bushobozi butanga umwanya w’ingirakamaro wo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka kandi bukarinda ibikoresho by’ibanga kwangirika vuba.
Amahame Mbwirizamuco yo Kurinda Ibiturika mu cyumba gikonjesha cyangiza ibidukikije
Ibintu by'ingenzi mu by'umutekano bigira uruhare runini mu gushushanya ibyumba bikonjesha hakoreshejwe imiti. Ibyumba bikonjesha bidaterwa n'imiti bisaba guhitamo ibikoresho bikomeye no kubikemura mu buryo bw'imiterere. Inkuta zikunze gukoresha ibipande bya polyurethane bifite ubugari bwa mm 120. Ibi bice bifite amanota ya B1 kandi byujuje ibisabwa mu by'umutekano.
Utu duce dutanga kandi ubushyuhe bukomeye. Ubushyuhe bwatwo ntiburenza 0.18 W/(m²·K). Uku guhuza ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro byongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu ndetse n'umutekano.
Inyubako z'igisenge akenshi zikoresha ibyuma byoroshye kandi bikomeye bifite amabara menshi. Mu bihe byihutirwa, ibi bisenge bitanga ahantu ho guturika harengeje metero kare 0.05 kuri metero kibe. Gucika vuba bituma igitutu cy'imbere kirekurwa vuba, ibyo bikagabanya kwangirika kw'inyubako kandi bikagabanya ibyago byakurikiyeho.
Ingamba z'umutekano w'amashanyarazi n'izirwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Ibyumba bikonjesha bishingiye cyane ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi budaturika. Ibikoresho by'amatara, umuyaga uhuha, n'udusanduku tw'amahuriro bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu cyemezo cya ATEX. Ibi bice bigabanya ibyago byo gushya mu kirere gishobora gushya.
Abashushanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi banyura mu miyoboro y'icyuma ihishe kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi adahindagurika yiyongera. Ubudahangarwa bw'ubutaka buguma munsi ya 4 Ω. Gushinga neza ubutaka bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gusohora amashanyarazi adahindagurika mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa.
Imiterere yihariye yo hasi no kurwanya ingese
Sisitemu yo hasi mu cyumba gikonjesha hakoreshejwe imiti nayo isaba ubuhanga bwihariye. Inzu zigomba kwirinda ingese, kwirinda kunyerera, no kuziba amazi ava. Abashyiraho ibikoresho akenshi bakoresha urwego rwa pulasitiki rukozwe muri fiberglass rukozwe muri vinyl ester, rufite ubugari bwa mm 4 nibura.
Iyi sisitemu yo hasi igera ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 10⁶ na 10⁹ Ω. Ikora neza ku bushyuhe buri hasi kugeza kuri -30°C. Muri icyo gihe, irwanya aside na alkali byangiritse bikunze kubaho mu bidukikije. Iyi miterere ishyigikira imikorere myiza mu gihe kirekire.
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya firigo, guhumeka, no gutunganya gazi
Kugira ngo umutekano n'ubwirinzi bibe, ibyumba bikonjesha bikoresha imiti akenshi bikora hamwe na sisitemu ebyiri zigenga zo gukonjesha. Iyo sisitemu imwe ihuye n'ikibazo, sisitemu ya kabiri ikomeza gukora. Abahanga mu by'imashini bahitamo imashini zirinda ingese zifite imiyoboro y'umuringa n'amababa ya aluminiyumu. Imashini zikonjesha akenshi zirimo amahitamo ajyanye n'ibidukikije nka R507A cyangwa R449A.
Guhumeka nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Ibyumba bikonjesha bifite imiti bihindura umwuka inshuro zitari munsi ya esheshatu ku isaha. Abashushanya bashyira aho basohora umwuka nibura metero 1.5 uvuye ku gisenge. Ibikoresho bishyiraho amafeni adaturika n'ibikoresho bipima ubwinshi bw'umwuka mu kirere cyose.
Iyo ubwinshi bw'imyuka itwika bugeze kuri 20% by'umubare muto w'ibiturika, sisitemu zo guhumeka zihita zitangira. Ku kigero cya 40% cya LEL, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha birazimya kandi amajwi aratangira gukora. Izi ngamba zigabanya cyane ibyago byo guturika.
Kubera ko sisitemu zo gukonjesha zikoresha electrolytes zishobora kurekura imyuka ya HF cyangwa HCl, mu byumba bikonjesha harimo n'iminara yo gukaraba. Sisitemu zo kwinjiza alkali zivura imyuka isohora umwuka. Imyuka ihumanya isohoka gusa iyo yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu no ku rwego rw'akarere.
Ikiguzi cy'Ubwubatsi n'Ikiguzi cy'Imikorere
Ibisabwa mu buhanga buhanitse by’ibyumba bikonjesha bidaturika byongera cyane ikiguzi cy’ubwubatsi. Ubushakashatsi ku nganda bwerekana ko ishoramari mu nkuta ziturika, sisitemu z’amashanyarazi zemewe, ibisenge bifasha mu gushyushya umuvuduko, ibikoresho byo gutahura gazi, n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bibiri byongera ikiguzi cyose ku kigero cya 35% ugereranije n’ibyumba bikonjesha bisanzwe.
Ikiguzi cy'imikorere nacyo kiriyongera bitewe na sisitemu zigoye zo gukurikirana no gucunga amakuru. Ibigo bishyiraho ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ku bucucike butari munsi ya kimwe muri metero kare 50. Sisitemu zo kugenzura zishyira amakuru kuri seriveri z'ibicu mu gihe nyacyo kandi zibika inyandiko mu gihe kirenga imyaka itanu.
Iyo ibipimo by'ingenzi birengeje imipaka, sisitemu itanga amatangazo mu minota ibiri kandi igakoresha sisitemu zo gusukura. Ibigo bigomba kandi gukora isuku ihoraho no gutanga inyandiko z'imikorere ku nzego zishinzwe kugenzura. Igenzura ry'imikorere rya buri gihe hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga rituma habaho umutekano mu gihe kirekire mu kubika no gukora imiti ikomoka ku binyabutabire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-06-2026