Igishushanyo cyiza cy'ububiko bw'ibikoresho bikonje

Icyizaububiko bukonjeIgishushanyo mbonera cy'ububiko gituma ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe biguma ari bishya, bitekanye kandi byunguka. Inganda nk'ibiribwa, imiti, n'ibikoresho bigengwa n'ibi bikoresho buri munsi. Igishushanyo mbonera kibi gishobora gupfusha ubusa ingufu, kongera igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa, no kongera ibiciro. Ububiko buteguwe neza bugabanya ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kandi bugatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza.

Gutegura Imiterere Igezweho

Intambwe ya mbere mu byizaububiko bukonjeIgishushanyo mbonera cy'ububiko kirimo gutegura imiterere yacyo. Imiterere iteguye neza igabanya igihombo cy'ubushyuhe kandi ikanoza imikorere. Abashushanya ububiko bagabura uturere tw'ububiko mu duce dushingiye ku bushyuhe bukenewe. Urugero, ibicuruzwa bikonjesha biguma kuri -18°C, mu gihe umusaruro mushya ushobora gukenera 0–5°C. Gutandukanya utu duce birinda gukonja bitari ngombwa kandi bigagabanya amafaranga y'ingufu.

Urugendo rw'imodoka rugenda neza narwo ni ingenzi. Amakamyo n'abakozi bagenda vuba mu buryo bufite inzira zisobanutse. Urugendo rufite ishusho ya U, aho ibicuruzwa byinjira bikanasohoka bivuye ku ruhande rumwe, rukora neza ku bubiko buciriritse. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, inyubako nini zishobora gukoresha ishusho ya I kugira ngo bigabanye intera y'urugendo.

Gukoresha umwanya bigira ingaruka ku mikorere. Sisitemu zo gupakira ibintu mu nyubako ndende zifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu hatabayeho kwagura ubuso bwo hasi. Ububiko bufite metero 10 bushobora kubika ibintu birenga 25% ugereranyije n’ubw’ubugari bwa metero 6. Gutegura imiterere y’ibikoresho mu buryo bw’ubwenge bizigama imbaraga n’igihe mu gihe bigenzura ko ibicuruzwa bigenda neza muri buri cyiciro.

Sisitemu yo Gukingira Ingufu Ikora Cyane

Ubwikorezi bw'ubushyuhe ni inkingi y'ububiko ubwo aribwo bwose bukonje. Butuma umwuka ukonje winjira kandi umwuka ushyushye ukagera hanze. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane birimo polyurethane (PU), polyisocyanurate (PIR), n'udupira tw'ubwoya bw'amabuye. Udupira twa PU dutanga ubushyuhe bwiza cyane bufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa 0.022 W/m·K. Udupira twa PIR dukora neza kurushaho mu gihe cy'umuriro, bigatuma tuba amahitamo meza kandi meza.

Urugero, icyumba gikonjesha cy’amafi gikoresha 150 mm PU panels gikomeza kugira -20°C mu gihe gikoresha amashanyarazi make ya 10% ugereranije n’ayari asanzwe ya EPS. Impande z’aha hantu zigomba gufatirwa neza kugira ngo umwuka uhagarike. Ndetse n’icyuho gito gishobora gutera ubukonje no kwiyongera kw’ubukonje, byangiza ibicuruzwa kandi bigagabanya igihe cyo kubaho kw’ibikoresho.

Ubugari bw'urupapuro buterwa n'ubushyuhe bukenewe. Icyumba gikonjesha gikunze gukoresha urupapuro ruri hagati ya mm 120–150, mu gihe icyuma gikonjesha gikoresha mm 75–100. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukingira n'ubugari bukwiye, abashushanya bareba ubushyuhe buhamye kandi bakagabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha neza

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni yo mutima w'ububiko bukonje. Ituma ubushyuhe bw'icyumba buguma mu rugero rukwiye. Sisitemu irimo compressors, condenser, evaporators, na control units. Guhitamo sisitemu ikwiye bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ndetse no ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa.

Sisitemu yo kwagura ibintu mu buryo butaziguye ikora neza ku bubiko buto kuko ihangana vuba n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe. Ububiko bunini bukunze gukoresha sisitemu ishingiye kuri ammonia kugira ngo burusheho gukora neza ingufu. Urugero, ububiko bukonje bwa metero kare 3.000 bufite ububiko bukonjesha bwa ammonia bushobora kuzigama ingufu zigera kuri 20% ugereranije na sisitemu ya DX.

Abashushanya bagomba kandi gutekereza ku gushyira ibikoresho mu mwanya wabyo. Compressors zigomba kuguma mu cyumba cy’imashini gifite umwuka mwiza. Imashini zishyushya zigomba gushyirwa ahantu hatuma umwuka utembera neza. Aho zishyirwa nabi bishobora gutera "ahantu hashyushye" aho ibicuruzwa byangirika. Gukoresha compressors zikoresha umuvuduko uhindagurika n'igenzura rigezweho bifasha mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe buhamye mu gihe bigabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresheje ubuhanga imenyesha abakora ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose mbere y'uko igira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ububiko.

Gucunga ubushuhe n'umwuka utembera

Kugenzura ubushuhe ni ingenzi kimwe no kugenzura ubushyuhe. Ubushuhe budakwiye butera urubura kwirundanya cyangwa kubura amazi mu bicuruzwa. Urugero, inyama zikonje zibikwa neza ku bushuhe buri hagati ya 90–95%, mu gihe imbuto zikunda hafi 85–90%. Uburyo bugomba kugumana ubushuhe bukwiye kuri buri bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa.

Umuyaga utemba kandi ugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe. Umuyaga ukonje ugomba kuzenguruka mu cyumba kimwe. Amashanyarazi y’umwuka ntagomba guhuha ku bintu bishobora kwangirika nk’indabyo cyangwa imboga z’amababi. Abashushanya bashobora gushyiraho imiyoboro y’umwuka cyangwa sisitemu z’imiyoboro y’umwuka kugira ngo ikwirakwize umwuka neza.

Sisitemu yo gushonga ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ifasha mu gukumira ko urubura rubaho ku miyoboro y’amazi. Iyo urubura rwinshi rufite uburebure bwa mm 2 rushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha ho 10%. Imiyoboro ikuraho ubushuhe n’imiyoboro y’amazi bikuraho ubushuhe bwinshi mu kirere, bigatuma ububiko buguma bwumutse kandi bufite umutekano.

Gukoresha neza ingufu no kuzibungabunga

Gukoresha ingufu neza ni byo bigena imiterere igezweho yo kubika ibintu bikonjesha. Gukonjesha bingana na 70% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa. Iterambere rito mu miterere rishobora gutuma habaho kuzigama cyane. Urugero, amatara ya LED atanga ubushyuhe buke ugereranyije n'amatara ya fluorescent kandi akagabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ho 30%. Ibikoresho bifata ikirere bishobora kuzimya amatara iyo ahantu hatakoreshwa.

Gushyiramo compressors n'abafana bikoresha ingufu nke nabyo birafasha. Ububiko buvuguruye bugakoresha inverter compressors bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 20%. Ingufu z'izuba ku gisenge zitanga ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kandi zikagabanya gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ububiko bwa metero kare 1,000 bufite sisitemu y'izuba ya 150 kW bushobora kwishyura hafi 25% by'amashanyarazi bukenera buri mwaka.

Abashushanya bagomba kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bakoreshe ubushyuhe bwavaga muri kompreseri mu gushyushya cyangwa mu biro. Gushyira ubushyuhe neza, inzugi zifunze, n'amarido y'umwuka bigabanya ubukonje. Guhuza ubu buryo bituma ububiko buramba kandi bigabanura ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire.

Umutekano, ikoranabuhanga, no kubungabunga

Umutekano n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigize ububiko bugezweho bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha. Abakozi bakunze guhura n'ubushyuhe bukabije, bityo imiterere y'umutekano ni ingenzi. Ahantu hadanyerera hasi, inzugi zirinda ubushyuhe, n'amajwi y'ubutabazi ni ingenzi. Amahugurwa ahoraho yemerera abakozi kumenya uburyo bwo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe mu mutekano.

Kwikora ku buryo bwikora byongera imikorere myiza kandi bigabanya amakosa y’abantu. Sisitemu zo kubika no kugarura ibicuruzwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (AS/RS) zitwara ibicuruzwa vuba kandi zikagabanya imifungurire y’inzugi, ibi bikaba bifasha mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe buhamye. Urugero, ububiko bukoresha forklifts zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bugabanya ikiguzi cy’abakozi ku kigero cya 25% kandi bugabanya igihombo cyo gukonjesha ku kigero cya 15%.

Sisitemu zo kugenzura zikurikirana ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe nyacyo. Abayobozi bashobora kubona aya makuru bari kure kugira ngo bakore impinduka zihuse. Gukomeza kubungabunga ibikoresho byongereye igihe cyo kubaho kandi birinda kwangirika. Gusukura ibikoresho bikonjesha, kugenzura ingano ya firigo, no kugenzura imitako y'inzugi buri kwezi bifasha sisitemu gukomeza gukora neza.

Igishushanyo cyiza cy’ububiko bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha gihuza imiterere myiza, ubushyuhe bwiza, ubukonje bunoze, ubushuhe buringaniye, no gucunga neza ingufu. Ububiko bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha bukozwe neza ntiburinda gusa ibicuruzwa ahubwo bunatuma ubucuruzi butera imbere kandi bukanazigama ingufu mu myaka iri imbere.