Icyumba gikonjesha vuba gigabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa vuba. Kirinda ubwiza n'imiterere y'ibiribwa. Inganda nyinshi zigikoresha mu gukora inyama, amafi n'imboga. Icyumba gigabanya ubushyuhe bw'imbere vuba. Sisitemu nyinshi zikonjesha ibicuruzwa kuva kuri +20°C kugeza kuri -18°C vuba. Igihe cyo gukonjesha akenshi kiba munsi y'amasaha 4. Gukonjesha vuba bigabanya gukura kwa kristu y'urubura. kristu nto zirinda imiterere y'uturemangingo. Iyi gahunda irinda uburyohe, ibara, n'imirire. Inganda nyinshi zishyira ibyumba bikonjesha vuba mu mirongo itunganya. Icyumba gishyigikira umusaruro mwinshi n'ubwiza buhamye. Abakora ibiribwa bishingikiriza kuri ubu buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kubibika igihe kirekire.
Ingano y'ubushyuhe n'imikorere y'ubukonje bw'icyumba gikonjesha vuba
Ubushyuhe bwo gukonja bw'icyumba gikonjesha vuba muri rusange ni -15～-35℃, bisa n'ubwaububiko bw'ubukonje buri hasiItandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yo kubika ibintu bikonjesha vuba no kubika ibintu bikonjesha mu bushyuhe buke ni umuvuduko wo kubibika. Ugereranyije n'ibisanzweicyumba gikonje, icyumba gikonjesha vuba gishobora kugabanya vuba ubushyuhe bw'ibanze bw'ibintu, bigatuma binyura vuba mu gace ntarengwa gashobora gukorerwamo urubura.
Iyo bikonje, ubushuhe bwinshi buri mu biribwa bukonjesha kuri -1~-5℃. Kubwibyo, -1~-5℃ nanone yitwa ahantu ntarengwa ho gukurura kristu y'urubura. Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha mu rubura, ingano y'amazi irushaho kuba nini, kandi imiterere y'imbere y'ibiribwa byinshi, ndetse n'imiterere ya poroteyine, ntabwo izahinduka.
Uko ubushyuhe bw'ibanze bw'ibiryo buguma mu gace ntarengwa k'urubura, ni ko urubura ruzaba rwinshi imbere, kandi uko ibiryo bizangirika bikomeye. Ibiryo bizatakaza uburyohe bwabyo bukomeye, kandi uburyohe bwabyo bw'umwimerere nabwo buzagabanuka. Ibi byose biterwa n'uburyo budakwiye bwo gukonjesha. Icyumba cyo gukonjesha vuba cyahinduye uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwakoreshwaga mu kugabanya buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bw'ibanze bw'ibicuruzwa, hakoreshejwe umwuka mwinshi ukonje mu byerekezo byinshi kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'ibanze bw'ibicuruzwa bunyure mu gace ntarengwa k'urubura.
Muri ubu buryo, inyuma hazakorwa urubura runini gusa, imbere hagakomeza kubikwa neza. Kubwibyo, ibiryo bibitswe mu cyumba gikonjesha vuba bishobora kugumana imiterere yabyo ya mbere ku rugero runini, kandi muri rusange bikagira uburyohe n'uburyohe bwiza.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga imiterere y'icyumba gikonjesha vuba
Icyumba gikonjesha vuba gikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubunini bw'ibice binini bukunze kugera kuri mm 120 kugeza kuri mm 150. Ibice binini bya PU bitanga ubushyuhe bungana na 0.022 W/m·K. Ibice binini bya PIR bifasha mu kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro. Imiterere y'icyumba irimo hasi hakonjeshejwe. Ahantu hacukurwa imizigo ingana na kg 2.000 kugeza 5.000/m². Ahantu hakozwe na aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umuhengeri hafasha mu mutekano.
Inzugi zikoresha amafuremu ashyushye. Amafuremu yo ku nzugi akoresha wati zigera kuri 60 kugeza 120. Izi furemu zirinda urubura kwirundanya. Gufunga neza bigabanya umwuka usohoka. Ingano y'icyumba iratandukanye bitewe n'ingano y'umusaruro. Ibyumba bito bipima metero kare 20. Ibyumba binini by'inganda birenga metero kare 300. Uburebure bw'igisenge akenshi buri hagati ya metero 3 na metero 6. Inyubako ikomeye igabanya kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ho hejuru ya 25%. Ubu buryo bwo gukingira butuma habaho gukora neza mu gihe ubushyuhe bukabije butandukanye.
Sisitemu yo Gukonjesha n'Ibice bigize Icyumba Gikonjesha Cyane
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha niyo shingiro ry’imikorere y’ubukonje bwihuse, cyane cyane mu cyumba gikonjesha vuba. Impinduka z’ubushyuhe mu cyumba gikonjesha vuba ntizigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ahubwo, igabanuka ikagera kuri -40 ℃ vuba, hanyuma ikagaruka buhoro buhoro, amaherezo ikagenzura ubushyuhe kuri -18 ℃. Kubwibyo, icyumba gikonjesha vuba gikunze gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bifite ingufu nyinshi.
Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha screw compressors cyangwa semi-hemetic compressors. Screw compressors zijyanye n'ubushobozi burenga kW 50. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buguma buri hejuru. Icyumba cya metero kare 50 gikonjesha vuba akenshi gikenera kW 40 kugeza 60. Icyumba cya metero kare 200 gishobora gukenera kW 150 kugeza 250.
Iyi sisitemu irimo ibikoresho bihindura umwuka, ibikoresho bigabanya umwuka, valve zo kwagura, n'ibikoresho bitandukanya amavuta. Ibikoresho bihindura umwuka bikoresha intera yagutse y'amababa. Intera hagati y'amababa n'amababa akenshi iba hagati ya mm 8 na mm 12. Iyi miterere irinda kuziba kw'ubukonje.
Ibikoresho bikonjesha birimo R404A, R507A, na ammonia. Sisitemu za ammonia zigira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane. Sisitemu za ammonia zigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 15% kugeza kuri 20%. Amashanyarazi ari mu byuma bitanga umwuka mwinshi. Umuvuduko w'umwuka ukunze kugera kuri metero 3 kugeza kuri 6 ku isaha. Umuyaga mwinshi ukuraho ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka vuba. Ubu buryo butuma bukonjesha vuba kandi buri kumwe.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umwuka n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bikonjeshwa
Umuyaga utembera neza ugena uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bikoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukoresha imbaraga. Abafana basunika umwuka ukonje hejuru y'ibicuruzwa. Ingano isanzwe y'umwuka utembera iri hagati ya 20.000 na 40.000 m³/h. Umuvuduko w'umwuka uzenguruka ibicuruzwa uhora uhindagurika. Umuyaga utembera kimwe urinda gukonjesha ku buryo bungana.
Intera iri hagati y'ibicuruzwa nayo ni ingenzi. Udusanduku dukunze kugira icyuho kiri hagati ya mm 30 na 50. Iyi ntera ituma umwuka utembera neza. Intera iri hagati igabanya igihe cyo gukonjesha ho 20%. Sisitemu ituma ibintu bikonjeshwa neza. Ubushyuhe bw'imbere bugera kuri -18°C vuba. Gukonjesha kutaringaniye bitera kwangirika kw'imiterere. Inzira ikomeye y'umwuka irinda iyi ngaruka. Udusanduku tw'umwuka tuyobora icyerekezo cy'umwuka. Udusanduku tw'umwuka tugabanya uturere twapfuye. Sisitemu y'umwuka ituma habaho ubukonje buhamye kuri buri gice.
Gusaba mu nganda z'ibiribwa
Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bikorera inganda nyinshi. Abatunganya amafi yo mu nyanja bakonjesha shrimp, amafi, na squid. Ibimera byinshi bitunganya toni 2 kugeza ku 10 ku munsi. Abatunganya inyama bakonjesha inyama z'inka, ingurube n'inkoko. Abatunganya imboga bakonjesha amashaza, ibigori n'imbuto. Inganda ziteguye kurya zikonjesha ibiryo byateguwe. Kugenzura ibice no kubika vuba.
Ibigo bitanga ibikoresho bikonjesha bikoresha ibyumba bikonjesha vuba mbere yo kubibika. Iyi ntambwe ituma ibicuruzwa bihora bihagaze mbere yo kubitwara igihe kirekire. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha bugaragaza akamaro k'inganda.
Sisitemu zo kugenzura no gukora ibintu mu buryo bwikora
Ibyumba bikonjesha vuba bigezweho bikoresha sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresheje ubwenge. Abagenzuzi ba PLC bacunga ubushyuhe n'umwuka utembera. Abagenzuzi bapima ubushyuhe, umuvuduko w'umwuka, n'umuvuduko w'umufana. Ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe buguma kuri ± 1°C. Ecran zo gukoraho zigaragaza amakuru y'igihe nyacyo. Abakoresha bahindura imiterere byoroshye. Inzogera zitangira gukora mu masegonda 5 mu gihe cy'ikosa.
Kwikora ku buryo bwikora bigabanya ibyo abakozi bakeneye. Umukozi umwe ashobora gucunga ibyumba byinshi. Kubika amakuru bifasha kugenzura ubuziranenge. Gukurikirana kure bifasha kugenzura ahantu hatari mu kigo. Izi sisitemu zongerera icyizere kandi zikagabanya ibyago byo gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 19-2025