Amazu y'ibyuma bikomeye, ese birakwiye?

Hamwe n'icyitegererezo cy'ubwubatsi bw'inganda n'igitekerezo cy'igishushanyo mbonera kigezweho,amazu manini y'ibyuma biremereyezigenda zihinduka amahitamo akunzwe cyane ku isoko ry’amazu yo hagati n’ayo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ese amazu manini y’ibyuma ni yo azagenderwaho mu iterambere ry’amazu yo guturamo? Ese afite ibyago n’ibibi bishobora kubaho?

Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'inzu nini z'ibyuma

Amazu manini y'ibyuma akoresha imirasire ya H ishyushye, inkingi z'amasanduku, n'ibyuma binini nk'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gutwara imizigo. Ubunini bw'igice cy'icyuma bukunze kuba hagati ya mm 6 na mm 20, burenze cyane imiterere y'icyuma gipima urumuri akenshi gipima mm 0.8 na mm 2.5. Urukuta rw'icyuma ruremereye rushobora kugera ku gihe cy'imyaka irenga 50 mu gihe cy'isuku isanzwe.

Ugereranyije n'amazu asanzwe yubatswe nk'amatafari, amazu y'ibyuma biremereye atanga imikorere myiza cyane mu bijyanye n'imitingito. Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n'ubuhanga mu by'imitingito, inyubako z'ibyuma zishobora kwinjiza ingufu zikomoka ku mitingito ku kigero cya 40% kugeza kuri 60% kurusha uburyo bwo kubaka ibyuma butuma ibintu bicika. Ibyuma bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika no kwangirika kwa pulasitiki, ibi bikaba birinda gusenyuka gutunguranye.

Ingufu zo kubaka nazo zirazamuka cyane. Inzu nini ifite icyuma cya metero kare 300 ishobora kurangiza gushyiraho urufatiro rwayo rw'ibanze mu minsi 15 kugeza kuri 25 iyo ibikoresho byateguwe bigeze aho byakorewe. Kubaka amatafari angana n'ayo akenshi bisaba iminsi 60 kugeza kuri 90 bitewe no gutunganya amabuye no gucuruza amazi mu buryo butose. Guteranya amazi byumye bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi kandi bigagabanya imikorere y'umushinga, ibi bikaba bigabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi ho 20% kugeza kuri 30% mu turere twinshi.

Ugereranyije n'amazu y'ibyuma byoroheje, sisitemu z'ibyuma biremereye zitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuyaga mwinshi kandi zigatuma uburebure burushaho kuba bwiza. Amadirishya y'ibyuma biremereye ashobora kugera ku burebure bwa metero 8 kugeza kuri 12 nta nkuta zo imbere zitwara imizigo. Sisitemu z'ibyuma byoroheje zikunze kugabanya uburebure bwa metero 4 kugeza kuri 6 bitewe n'imbaraga nke z'ibice. Ubu bwigenge bw'inyubako bwemerera imiterere y'igorofa rifunguye n'imiterere y'amagorofa menshi.

Umusaruro w'ubushyuhe urarushaho kwiyongera iyo abashushanya bahuje amafuremu y'icyuma gikomeye n'amafuremu yo gushyushya afite imikorere myiza nka palame z'ubwoya bw'amabuye cyangwa palame za polyurethane. Iyo igipimo cy'urukuta kiri munsi ya 0.4 W/m²·K, ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha zishobora kugabanukaho 30% ugereranije n'amazu y'amabuye adashyushya. Mu turere tw'inyanja n'ubushuhe, ibyuma bikozwe muri galvanised cyangwa epoxy birwanya ingese neza, bikongera igihe cyo gukora no kubungabunga imiterere y'inyubako.

Ingaruka n'ibibi by'inzu nini z'ibyuma

Nubwo zifite imbaraga, amazu manini y’ibyuma atwara amashanyarazi atwara ibikoresho byinshi mbere y’igihe. Ibiciro by’ibyuma birahindagurika bitewe n’amasoko y’ibicuruzwa ku isi, kandi ibyuma by’ubwubatsi akenshi bingana na 25% kugeza kuri 35% by’ikiguzi cyose cy’inyubako. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibikoresho byo kubaka amatafari biguma bituruka mu gihugu kandi igiciro cyabyo kikaba gihamye. Ba nyir’amazu bafite ingengo y’imari bashobora gutinda iyo ishoramari rya mbere rirenze iry’ubwubatsi busanzwe ho 10% kugeza kuri 20%.

Guhuza ubushyuhe ni ikindi kibazo cya tekiniki. Icyuma gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe burenze inshuro 300. Hatabayeho uburyo bwo gushyushya buhagije, ubushyuhe bunyura mu nkingi z'icyuma n'imiringa bishobora kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa. Abashushanya bagomba guhuza uburyo ubushyuhe buhagarara, uburyo bwo gushyushya bukomeza, n'ibice bigenzura umwuka. Uburyo bubi bwo gushyushya butera ubushyuhe, gukura kw'ibihumyo, no kutagira ibibazo byo kubungabunga igihe kirekire.

Kurinda inkongi bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe. Nubwo icyuma kidashya, gitakaza imbaraga vuba iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 500°C. Gukomera ku nyubako bishobora kugabanukaho ibirenze 50% iyo ubushyuhe bukabije bukabije. Ibyuma birwanya inkongi cyangwa gypsum board encapsulation byongera ubukana n'ikiguzi cyo kubaka.

Ingufu z'amajwi zikenera uburyo bw'inyongera bwo kuzitunganya. Inzu z'icyuma zohereza imitingito byoroshye kurusha inkuta nini z'amabuye. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, abashushanya n'abakora muri rusange basaba gushyiraho zimwe mu nkuta zikingira amajwi za asbestos na sandwich panels. Ibi ntibikemura gusa ikibazo cyo gukingira amajwi, ahubwo binanongerera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe n'umuriro mu nzu.

Bityo, amazu manini y’ibyuma biremereye akwiriye imishinga ishyira imbere umutekano w’inyubako, uburebure bunini, no kuramba igihe kirekire. Abashoramari bagomba gusuzuma imiterere y’ibiciro, imiterere y’ikirere, n’ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki mbere yo kuyatoranya. Hamwe n’igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye cy’ubwubatsi n’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge, amazu manini y’ibyuma biremereye atanga igisubizo gikomeye kandi kigezweho cyo guturamo mu bidukikije bigoye.