Kubaka ejo hazaza hamwe nubwubatsi bwibyuma: Imbaraga, Kuramba, no Guhinduka

Iriburiro:
Ku bijyanye no kubaka inyubako, ibiraro, nuburyo butandukanye, ikintu kimwe gihagaze muremure, ndetse no hagati yinganda zihuta cyane - ibyuma. Nimbaraga zidasanzwe, zirambye zidasanzwe, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye ntagereranywa, kubaka ibyuma bikomeje guhindura ejo hazaza h’inganda zubaka.

Imbaraga:
Kimwe mu byiza by'ibanze byo kubaka ibyuma biri mu mbaraga zayo zidasanzwe. Ibyuma bifite imbaraga zisumba izindi-uburemere, butuma hashyirwaho ibyubaka bishobora kwihanganira imizigo minini mugihe bisigaye byoroheje. Izi mbaraga zidasanzwe zifasha abubatsi naba injeniyeri gushushanya inyubako ndende, ibiraro birebire, nibikorwa remezo biramba. Yaba inyubako ndende ndende hejuru yubururu bwumujyi cyangwa ibiraro byagutse byambukiranya inzuzi zikomeye, imbaraga zicyuma zirinda umutekano no kuramba.

Kuramba:
Mubihe byiterambere rirambye, kubaka ibyuma birazamuka mugihe nkigisubizo cyangiza ibidukikije. Icyuma nikimwe mubikoresho bitunganyirizwa cyane kwisi yose, bigatuma ihitamo ryambere kububaka ibidukikije. Muguhitamo ibyuma byubaka, turashobora kugabanya ibyifuzo byibikoresho fatizo no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mugihe cyubwubatsi. Byongeye kandi, kongera gukoreshwa birinda ibyuma kurangirira mu myanda, bigira uruhare mu bukungu buzenguruka no kugabanya imyanda.

Guhindura:
Ubwubatsi bwibyuma butanga abubatsi naba injeniyeri ntagereranywa muburyo bushoboka bwo gushushanya. Ibyuma birashobora guhindurwa muburyo bworoshye kandi bigahinduka muburyo butandukanye, bigatanga amahirwe adashira yo guhanga. Kuva mu bicu bigezweho kugeza ku bihangano bishya byubatswe, ibyuma byoroha bigafasha kumenya ibishushanyo bidasanzwe kandi byerekanwe. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma birashobora guhuzwa nibindi bikoresho, nk'ikirahure cyangwa ibiti, kugirango bigaragare neza. Guhuza n'imihindagurikire yacyo bituma kwaguka, guhindura, no kongera kubigambirira, kwemeza ko inzego zishobora guhinduka hamwe no guhindura ibikenewe.

Umwanzuro:
Kazoza k'ubwubatsi kari mu biganza by'ibyuma. Nimbaraga zidasanzwe, zirambye, kandi zinyuranye, kubaka ibyuma bikomeje guhindura inganda. Kuva ku nyubako ndende zirwanya uburemere kugeza ku bikorwa byangiza ibidukikije bishyira imbere kuramba, ibyuma bitanga inzira itanga icyizere kigana ku isi nziza kandi ikomeye. Mugihe dukomeje gusunika imipaka yo guhanga udushya, reka twibuke umusanzu utajegajega wo kubaka ibyuma mukubaka ejo hazaza heza.